Games have been regarded as a potential vehicle for enhancing student learning. Previous studies mainly focused on learning outcomes; however, the learning processes and dynamic in-game behaviours of students who are immersed in a game context are relatively undiscovered. The purposes of this study were to develop an educational game, "Bio…

This study examined middle school students' scientific reasoning ability in relation to gender and learning environment perceptions. The data were obtained from 269 (148 girls and 121 boys) students. A two-tier multiple-choice test was used to assess students' scientific reasoning ability, while a Likert scale-type self-report questionnaire was…

University education requires students to be trained both at university and at external internship centres. Because of COVID-19, the availability of multimedia resources and examples of practical contexts has become vital. Multimedia annotation can help students reflect on the professional world, collaborating and interacting with colleagues…

In a sample of 455 Taiwanese upper-secondary school students, latent variable structural equation modeling was used to test hypothesized relationships between beliefs about knowledge in science, beliefs about justification for knowing in science, and justification of knowledge claims concerning science encountered on the Internet. Results…

This article explores the advantages of viewing intelligence not as a fixed trait residing within an individual, but rather as a person × task × situation interaction. The emphasis in the article is on the role of persons solving tasks embedded in situations involving learning, intellectual abilities, and competencies. The article opens with a…

When classrooms fail to provide racially marginalized students with frameworks that explain their daily experiences, sometimes students turn to conspiracy theories, however inaccurate. This article links marginalized students' critiques of society and paranoid readings of the world with civic reasoning. Through queer and critical race theory, this…

We report the results of a study on high school student difficulties in drawing the magnetic field lines for two magnets facing each other. Student difficulties were investigated by means of a predict-observe-explain activity. Our data confirm some of the previous results from the educational research literature on student difficulties in drawing…

Analogy is a powerful tool for fostering conceptual understanding and transfer in STEM and other fields. Well-constructed analogical comparisons focus attention on the causal-relational structure of STEM concepts, and provide a powerful capability to draw inferences based on a well-understood source domain that can be applied to a novel target…

The purpose of this study is to examine how the reasoning of elementary school students develops and progresses within a learning progression. In order to do this, we analyzed third, fourth, and fifth grade elementary school students' levels of reasoning about phenomena related to changes of state of water. The results show that higher grades…

The history and philosophy of science course is among the very important courses for prospective teachers in terms of understanding the development of science, evaluating its social and cultural context, developing scientific thinking skills, and better understanding and teaching scientific knowledge. Studies on this subject are important in terms…

This study explores the extent to which a unique and disruptive experience (a field trip to a prison) combined with reflective writing resulted in transformative learning by students enrolled in an accounting ethics course. Students were provided with clearly defined steps ('prompts') designed to encourage them to think logically and to reflect…

The concept and connotation of critical thinking are formed based on human activities and social development in Europe and America, while relevant studies in East Asia are lacking. How to deconstruct the characteristics, formation and deep reasons of critical thinking in the East based on its continuous and dynamic human activities is still a…

Hypothesis-based reasoning with conditionals is a skill that is required for engaging in integral activities of modern elementary school science-curricula. The teaching of this skill at this early stage of education, however, is demanding, particularly in whole school classes in which it is difficult to adapt teaching to children's individual…

Critical thinking, a rational and open higher-order thinking mode in human cognition, is becoming imperative to success in modern life. Therefore, cultivating students' critical thinking has become a common goal of education reform worldwide. Teachers play a crucial role in cultivating students' critical thinking. However, existing studies have…

EFL learners generally have the problem of logical fallacies in EFL argumentative writings. Logical fallacies are errors in reasoning that can undermine EFL argumentative writing quality. Explicit training on logical fallacies may help learners deal with the problem and enhance their self-efficacy and proficiency in EFL argumentative writing,…