Studies suggest that primary children are teacher-motivated, prefer structure, movement, and intake while reading, and use tactual and kinesthetic senses to learn to read. Older students are less teacher-motivated, need less movement, intake, and structure, and more choice of materials, and use visual and auditory senses to learn. (Author/JM)

Reviews the research literature on strategies and techniques employed by successful language learners and discusses the results of a questionnaire administered to 85 students, which dealt with specific learning tasks and their individual strategies. Responses of 18 A students are compared with responses of 18 C/D students. (Author/AMH)

Mathematics success or failure is noted as possibly related to the way in which material is presented rather than to the subject itself. Teachers are encouraged to have pupils complete a questionnaire that is designed to measure their mathematical "state of health." Instructors are told to identify learning styles. (Author/MP)

Tested the hypothesis that increasing problem complexity elicits strategies of greater efficiency from older adults. Responses of older and younger adults were compared in a version of "Twenty Questions." No evidence was found that older adults seek more efficient strategies. Both groups maintained the same strategies. (Author/JAC)

Simplified interpretations of brain function portraying rationality solely in the left hemisphere and creativity solely in the right are incorrect, but the two sides of the brain do differ in important ways. Conclusive implications of brain research cannot yet be drawn for educational practices, but certain inferences can be made. (Author/JM)

Four instruments were correlated with teachers' percep- tions of elementary school children (N=113). Results suggested that teachers can generate tenable initial estimates of cognitive styles of students. (RC)

Five impediments to accurate clinical judgment are discussed: inability to assess covariation, influence of preconceived notions, lack of awareness of one's judgmental processes, overconfidence, and hindsight bias. Presents three strategies to minimize impediments' effects: considera- tion of alternative outcomes, increased attention to data, and…

Examined the effect of stimulus content on logical performance in a reasoning task. Earlier reports of the facilitating effect of thematic material on the tendency to reason logically were not supported, nor were previous reports that matching is the most common determinant of behavior. (Author)

The seven-step Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM) outlines the stages people move through when adopting an innovation. The 4Mat System applies learning style research and research on brain dominance to teaching practices. When combined, the two systems form a comprehensive model for staff development. (PGD)

Stresses the importance of visualization in mathematics education by reviewing research dealing with the relationship between mathematical and spatial ability, and recommends that such findings be incorporated into mathematics instruction. (JJD)

Field independence at preschool age (3 1/2 years) was tested and regressed on measures of 24 children's social and exploratory behaviors and on measures of maternal interaction behaviors during infancy and preschool. Children's exploratory behaviors' and mothers' behaviors were not predictive of cognitive style, but social behaviors were.…

A new auditory measure of cognitive style (reflective-impulsive), a standard measure and intelligence scores were related to college students' reading performance. Only intelligence and errors on the auditory test contributed significantly to the variance of the reading measures. The importance of auditory factors in understanding adults' reading…

The author shares his own experiences in the design of culturally appropriate human resources development programs in Asia. He discusses the differences in cognitive models of causation: Japanese cognition and western cognition. (CT)

Outlines seven stages of the reflective judgment model of intellectual development. Discusses implications of the model for effective career counseling of college students. Explores the theory's career counseling implications for two of the stages. (RC)

Examined the effects of orienting task-controlled processing on text recall of younger, middle-aged, and older adults. Younger adults recalled more when recall was intentional or when preceded by a deep-orienting task. Middle-aged and older adults recalled more when recall was intentional regardless of depth of orienting task. (Author)