Explores the relationship between dispositions (i.e., continuities of inclinations and habits), episodic behavior, emotions, and desires; and the development of moral autonomy. Argues that autonomy requires a settled disposition toward the good. Contrasts theories of autonomy based on wants/desires and on ideals. (AYC)

Examined how autonomy and decision-making manifest themselves in 36 retirement communities in Arizona, California, Florida, and New Jersey. Results indicated that most residents let others make decisions. Autonomy was basically latent, with residents wanting the possibility of decision-making when crisis arises or community stability is…

Proposes a framework which builds on theories of subjective expectations and which combines a new model of beliefs about control with a process model of intentional action. Applications to the study of control beliefs on cognitive performance are outlined. (RH)

The paper discusses issues related to concepts of preferences and choice-making among persons with severe disabilities. Included are suggestions for acknowledging preferences, teaching choice as a decision-making process, and the broader implications of choice-making among persons with severe handicaps as an expression of personal autonomy and…

R. S. Peters's paper, "Reason and Habit: The Paradox of Moral Education," is used as a medium through which to explore the paradox of education. An argument against the theory of just one developmental paradox of education is presented. Four paradoxes, consisting of the basic, stultification, conceptual change, and authority and autonomy are…

As leading languages spoken all over the world, a number of learning and teaching sites or pages on the Internet specifically concerning the teaching of English, French, German and Spanish are available. A review of these sites shows that they have low standards as opposed to language teaching CD-ROMs. Generally speaking, affected largely from the…

In this theory-building review-essay, we advocate that second language teachers encourage their students to act critically, cooperatively, and autonomously. We discuss the three components of "critical collaborative autonomy," why these components fit together well, and ideas for promoting their interaction and development. Being…

The dialectical capacity of human consciousness enables us to generate alternatives in opposition to previous conditioning. Transcending one's acculturation need not leave one searching for gurus. Authentic personal meaning may be attained from an existential reawakening. (RM)

A brief biographical account of the life of Elizabeth Byrne Ferm and her work in the Modern School Movement describes her early life; her educational training based on Froebel's ideas; and her development of "free" kindergartens, particularly at the Modern School at Stelton, New Jersey. (SAS)

The president of the American Association on Mental Retardation examines progress in four areas of mental retardation, for individuals with mental retardation, the nation, the Association, and all individuals. The four areas are choice, advocacy, supports, and equity. (DB)

Behavior in conflicts in 76 dyads of mothers and their 11-16-year-old adolescents was observed twice in a 2-year interval. In concordance with individuation theory, results found an increase across assessments in adolescents' autonomy. Results also revealed a decrease of connectedness with their mothers in younger adolescents and an increase of…

Suggests that the possibilities available to autonomy- oriented educators may be quite limited and fall far short of what they think them to be, discussing independence and autonomy, knowledge and autonomy, weak and strong autonomy, and autonomy and education, and concluding that the anti-perfectionist liberal policy is not committed to the…

Interviews and surveys of 272 Manitoba nursing students yielded 5 themes related to health promotion and tobacco use: identity, central beliefs/attitudes, learning the facts, limited practice options, and role conflict. Students expressed considerable uncertainty about individual autonomy, themselves as role models, and their use of health…

A commentary that refutes teachers' loss of control, autonomy, and professionalism in New Zealand is criticized, using evidence of rapid redefinition of the teaching profession in both New Zealand and Australia. In addition, the commentary is seen as dangerous if accepted by teachers, offering false hope and suppressing important issues.…

Examined attitudes of elderly acute-care hospital patients (N=264) concerning discharge planning. Respondents varied in their reactions to discharge planning and degree to which they exerted final control over decision. Perceived lack of control was associated with posthospital psychological distress for patients with high levels of internal locus…