Eight students with Down's syndrome, aged 11 through 13, were taught to add by counting-on in a 5-day teaching program. Teaching included instruction in component skills and use of precision teaching techniques. All students continued to use the technique six months later and generalized the technique to other materials. (Author/DB)

Investigates 10-year-old children's abilities to reason by analogy in solving addition and subtraction comparison problems involving unknown compare sets and unknown reference sets. Children responded in a consistent manner to the tasks involving the basic addition problems, indicating substantial relational knowledge of these but responded in an…

Examines 109 children from grades 3 through 6 for computational facility and the relationship between automaticity, or efficient processing of addition facts, and success in more complex tasks. Indicates that most errors on the multidigit sums were due to fact inaccuracy, not algorithmic errors. Discusses instructional implications for students…

Presents two activities on addition, one for classifying and one for symmetry. (ASK)

Investigated the development of number concepts and addition skills in Japanese children. Found that children's use of addition strategies, rather than their solution accuracy, changed primarily as a function of schooling, not age. Children's Base 10 number concepts improved with the amount of schooling, as well as with other social and…

Describes the success, the methods (mental, informal written, standard algorithm) and the strategies of informal written arithmetic to be observed when 300 elementary students worked on six addition and six subtraction problems with three-digit numbers. (Author/MM)

This case study was carried out with a student who was 9 years old and in the fourth grade when the study began. She was selected after the administration of an exploratory questionnaire to 66 pupils in primary school. The main features of the case were the absence of a common referent and a corresponding unit to the free generation of references…

Relating natural language to mathematical language is an important component of elementary mathematics education. This paper describes new steps toward a computerized database of addition and subtraction word problems that could provide teachers and students with access to critical natural language terms and expressions for mathematical…

Instructions and exercises on the use of checking accounts are provided for students in grades 6-12. The following topics are included: (1) reasons for opening a checking account; (2) how to open a checking account; (3) how to fill out deposit slips; (4) the elements of a check and how to write a check correctly; (5) checking account rules; (6)…

Types of errors made by children in addition and subtraction are presented and discussed. Suggestions are given for testing, diagnosing, and prescribing for instruction. (MNS)

This paper proposes a semantic analysis in which meanings of word problems are structures that include class and order relations, and suggests a hypothesis of developmental levels that can account for children's performance of these problems at various ages. The different kinds of problems vary in the complexity of semantic structures and the…

A sample of 24 subjects was presented with 800 addition problems to test a general model of simple and complex addition. According to this model, an addition problem is encoded and verified by column, with specific addition strategies determined by the size of the problem. Two hundred problems each of the following four types were presented: (1)…

Preschool children's problem-solving strategies on structured and unstructured number tasks were compared in this study. Participants were 20 four-years-olds and 20 five-year-olds. Each child was administered a number conservation, addition and subtraction, and division task. The addition and subtraction task contained trials which were designed…