In terms of clinical practice, few differences exist between Freud and Heinz Kohut in the conduct of psychoanalysis. Kohut's style of theorizing facilitates the use of his ideas by counseling psychologists for both research and practice. According to Kohut's theory, the self is the fundamental constituent of mind. Development of the self proceeds…

Rasch models for fundamental measurement in the psychological sciences are derived from the principle of specific objectivity, the requirement that the parameter value representing each component in a test situation be independent of the other components. The dichotomous Rasch model for two-faceted analysis, applicable to conventional…

Investigated the relationship between psychometrically defined brightness and cognitive development within Piaget's stage theory. Subjects were fifth- and seventh-grade boys. (SDH)

Binet's test, like all other used in education must be judged in terms of its ability to facilitate constructive adaptations of educational programs for individuals. Optimal educational treatment is seen as the challenge for the next 70 years. (AM)

Study supported largely by Contract Nonr 228(32) between the Office of Naval Research and the University of Southern California.

A scheme, using features in a cartoon-like human face to represent variables, is tested as to its ability to graphically depict multivariate data. A factor analysis of Harman's "24 Psychological Tests" was performed and yielded four orthogonal factors. Nose width represented the loading on Factor 1; eye size on Factor 2; curve of mouth…

Unobtrusive measures in psychological experiments are discussed. Six levels of unobtrusiveness are (1) Complete Unobtrusiveness, (2) Hidden Mechanical Intervention, (3) Hidden Observer, (4) Impinging Mechanical Intervention Not Recognized as Experimental, (5) Impinging Observer, and (6) Unobtrusive Measures within an Experimental Setting. Each of…

Two lines of psychometric interest are combined: a) multidimensional scaling and, b) factor analysis. This is achieved by employing three-mode factor analysis of scalar product matrices, one for each subject. Two of the modes are the group of objects scaled and the third is the sample of subjects. Resulting from this are, an object space, a person…

College and University Environments Scales (CUES), an instrument for characterizing the perceived atmosphere of institutions of higher education, was published by the Educational Testing Service in 1963. CUES is probably the most widely used instrument for describing college environments. The purposes of this study were to: (1) provide more…

Significant cost savings can be achieved with the use of matrix sampling in estimating population parameters from psychometric data. The statistical design is intuitively simple, using the framework of the two-way classification analysis of variance technique. For example, the mean and variance are derived from the performance of a certain grade…

A State Curiosity Scale (SCS) was developed to be a self-reporting measure of a student's level of specific epistemic curiosity aroused by learning materials. The state of epistemic curiosity was conceptualized as a transitory emotional or motivational condition of the student, the arousal level of which was expected to vary across time, both with…

Changes and constancies in the importance of 57 situations and conditions in four stages of Army life are presented and interpreted following Maslow's analysis of the functioning of human needs. Ratings of importance were transformed to z-scores and plotted. Three patterns were observed. It is suggested that: (1) items remain stable because other…

In the first part of this paper, the purposes of behavioral objectives are outlined; research is then summarized, including the influence of knowledge of the behavioral objectives on a learner's performance, teacher recognition of behavioral objectives, and student attitudes to behavioral objectives. The second part presents a summary of methods…

Hoyt's analysis of variance procedure for estimating reliability assumes that the residual mean square estimates error variability. If, however, an individual's true score varies across items, it is argued that residual mean square estimates two components--error and interaction--and hence Winer's modification of Hoyt's formula, understimates the…