The College Board's Advanced Placement European History examination has evolved over the course of its first half-century of existence in virtually all respects: the types and subject matter of questions asked (and not asked); the nature of the history those questions reflect; the number of questions both offered and to be answered, as well as how…

Often, composition teachers present public debate as if it occurs on a rhetorically level playing field, with victory going to the person who argues most logically. Real-world contestants are seldom so equal in power. We can enrich our pedagogy by studying such encounters; example: the 1263 disputation at Barcelona between Rabbi Nachmanides and…

Section B of the Journalism History section of the proceedings contains the following nine papers: "Weep into Silence/Cries of Rage: Bitter Divisions in Hawaii's Japanese Press" (Tom Brislin); "Viewing the Newspaper as International: The First International Organization of Journalists Debates News Copyright 1894-1898" (Ulf…

A detailed chronology of events from July 1989 to December 1990 that led to the unification of East and West Germany is presented. Teachers of social studies courses, including global studies and world history, as well as students researching this topic, may find this summary useful. (DB)

In 19th century Europe, the dominant classes detested the idea of a free press, seeing it as a middle and lower class weapon. Although repression of the press in Europe existed long before the 19th century, at this time techniques of press repression fell into two major categories: (1) direct--licensing, prior censorship, and post-publication…

Discusses the interdisciplinary approach in the College Board's Advanced Placement European History courses, in an attempt to respond to the needs of today's students. (Author/PG)

Historians of journalism cite John Milton's speech "Areopagitica" as the first major English-language document to articulate the ideas of free speech and freedom of the press. Milton's reputation as spokesman for freedom to publish is sullied, however, by his having served as Cromwell's press licenser. Historians of journalism have…

The author examines the educational influence of the "grand tour" and local travel for the landed classes of eighteenth century England. This journal is available from Carfax Publishing Company, Haddon House, Dorchester-on-Thames, Oxford OX98JZ, England. (DE)

Historical, literary, and political retrospective on French-American relations. (Text is in French.) (DB)

Reviews two databases: "Questions & Answers," and "Ask Sam;" two history simulations: "Europe Ablaze," and "At the Brink;" and a decision-making aid called "Policy/Goal Percentaging." (BSR)

Discusses how the author decided to become a writer of historical novels based in Great Britain during the Middle Ages, with an audience of adolescents in mind. Reveals the kinds of decisions authors must make to present historical material and tell a good story simultaneously. (SKC)

Events and activities directly related to the bicentennial of the French Revolution in 1989 are outlined, and literature, recordings, and films concerning the Revolution are listed. The role of the Mission du Bicentenaire is also described. (MSE)

Examines the French Popular Front of 1936 as a vehicle to investigate the turbulent decade of the 1930s. Reviews current historiography and discusses various facets of Leon Blum's government, examining the interrelationship of major economic and political forces. Concludes that the French Left still faces Blum's dilemma of implementing socialism…

Describes the propaganda techniques used by ecclesiastical authorities in the Middle Ages. Argues that emerging monarchies of the period transformed these techniques to their own use and thus contributed to the birth of nationalisms. (MS)