This paper describes the philosophical perspectives that individuals bring to their study of the communication process. These perspectives, called presuppositions, include conceptions of reality (existential, essential, contextual), ways of understanding knowledge (objective, subjective, intersubjective), and types of value systems (well-defined…

The premise of this project was to reveal the differences in job-style requirements by using a technique called cognitive-style mapping, the thesis being that each job or occupation requires a person having a particular cognitive style system compatible with the job style or requirements. Cognitive style mapping is a technique used to assess an…

The relationship between learning strategies and cognitive abilities was examined in a series of three experiments. Results suggest that differential interrelations can be demonstrated as long as the processes and strategies forming the link between the two are potent and understood. (Author/DEP)

The purpose of this study was to relate children's cognitive processing capabilities and their grade level to their performance and to the strategies they used when working addition and subtraction problems. From two sets of data which assessed memory capacity and cognitive processing capacities, six groups of children with different cognitive…

A study was conducted (1) to examine the effects of the same reading materials on different individuals and the effects of different reading materials on the same person and (2) to explore whether an individual's preferred pattern of response to a literary selection was related to differences in sex, reading ability, and learning style. Subjects…

This study was designed to examine Chicano and Anglo children's performance on several measures of field dependence/independence (FDI), including the Portable Rod and Frame Test (PRFT), the Children's Embedded Figures Test (CEFT), the Human Figure Drawing Task (HFDT), and the Block Design Test. Also examined was the relationship between FDI…

The materials provided in this packet are to be used to help the instructor see the need for using audiovisual materials in instructional processes. The instructor will also be able to incorporate selected materials into lesson plans and will be aware of advantages and disadvantages of using various audiovisual materials. Included in this…

Conducted to extend a series of earlier aptitude treatment interaction studies in the area of mathematics learning, this study was designed to determine if spatial and general reasoning abilities interact with instructional treatment. The aptitudes used included spatial and general reasoning ability. One hundred and twenty students enrolled in…

Information about individuals' representations of problems was obtained from studies on reasoning and problem categorization. College students (N=62) participated in a study of the transition from concrete to formal reasoning using the pendulum and chemical yellow tasks. Over a 10-12 week period, 47 students participated in 10 training sessions on…

Future assessments and instruction in reading in the primary grades will shift from a task oriented analysis toward a learner centered analysis designed to determine what the learner contributes to his or her own learning. Thus a "cognitivistic-mentalistic" rather than a behavioristic analysis of the reading act will occur. However, future…

An alternative method of language learning is proposed based on the theory of "Personal Construct Psychology." It is suggested as a resolution of the impasse that seems to exist between linguistic and psychological theories of learning. Certain techniques are offered to enable learners to exteriorize their cognitive categories and their…

This study investigated the effect of culture on the cognitive styles of Polynesian Asian, and Caucasian Americans in a multicultural school setting. The study attempted to test the Hill scales of cognitive development to determine if they would be a valid predictor of individual cognitive styles. In addition, the investigation tested the popular…

In order to test previous research findings indicating that the degree of field dependency or independency in children is a function of culture, social class, sex, and age, this study sought to determine the relationship of sex and age to the cognitive style of Mexican American first and second graders from a Chicago school. Thirty two Mexican…

One hundred twelve college students participated in a study designed to determine whether students differ in their relative employment of knowledge-based processes in discourse processing and whether individuals tend to be more "text-bound" and less able to use preexisting knowledge schemata when they are more "stimulus-bound"…

This study investigates relationships among conservation, field dependence/independence, school variables, achievement, screening measures, sex and race. A total of 124 first, second and third graders in a Southern rural school were administered 8 typical Piagetian conservation tasks (PCT), Children's Embedded Figures Test (CEFT), Comprehensive…