In this paper, the diverse literature bearing on the topic of homosexuality and psychological adjustment is critically reviewed and synthesized. The first chapter discusses the most crucial methodological issue in this area, the problem of sampling. The kinds of samples used to date are critically examined, and some suggestions for improved…

The specificity doctrine, holds that psychometric tests measure nothing other than the specific bits of knowledge and learned skills reflected in the item content of the tests. This prevailing doctrine has influenced the interpretation of test scores and the conceptualization of test validity, as well as the practical use of tests in educational…

The trend towards using screening programs to facilitate early identification of developmental or learning problems has accentuated the need to establish reliable and valid screening procedures. Researchers in this area must recognize that the dichotomous decision-making function of screening (i.e., to refer or not refer a child for further…

A COMPUTER PROGRAMING SYSTEM HAS BEEN DEVISED THAT WILL ALLOW THE RESEARCHER TO SPECIFY ANY OR ALL VARIABLES ENTERING INTO A PARTICULAR SIMULATION, ALONG WITH THE FUNCTIONS WHICH DEFINE THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN VARIABLES. THE SYTSTEM USES A "SPECIAL-PURPOSE-PROGRAMING LANGUAGE" BASED ON THE NATURAL LANGUAGE DESCRIPTION THE SCIENTIST…

COOPERATION AMONG THE FOREIGN LANGUAGE SPECIALIST, THE PSYCHOLOGIST, AND THE EDUCATION SPECIALIST IS ESSENTIAL TO SUCCESSFUL RESEARCH IN THE QUEST FOR MORE EFFECTIVE METHODS OF LANGUAGE TEACHING. EIGHT PAPERS, PRESENTED AT A TUFTS UNIVERSITY SEMINAR DURING THE SUMMER OF 1961, ARE COLLECTED HERE IN A FINAL REPORT AND RELATE EACH PARTICIPATING…

AN EXPLORATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AN INDIVIDUAL'S PATTERN OF LIVING AND THE RETENTION OF MENTAL ABILITIES WITH AGE WAS MADE AND EVALUATED. THE OBJECTIVES WERE (1) TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF AN 11-YEAR INCREMENT (50-61) UPON EIGHT MEASURABLE MENTAL ABILITIES, (2) TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECT OF THE GIVEN AGE INCREMENT UPON INDIVIDUAL AND TRAIT…

This paper provides an overview of the cognitive process analysis of tasks used to measure aptitude and intelligence. As an illustration of this approach, performance on inductive reasoning tasks such as series extrapolation and analogy problems is considered in terms of the factors that contribute to item difficulty and individual differences in…

Three areas of concern related to test bias and validity should be considered during the revision of the Standards for Educational and Psychological Tests. The first area concerns the sources and consequences of test bias. Five sources of bias have been identified: numerical bias, role bias, status bias, stereotypic bias, and familiarity bias. The…

A report by Crawford found substantial correlations between hypnotizability and various speed-of-closure measures. An attempt to replicate these correlations on the same population of university undergraduates in the present study yielded markedly lower correlations. Nonproportional sampling techniques may have spuriously inflated the earlier…

Starting with the premise that the construct-oriented approach is the only viable approach to personality assessment, this paper considers five propositions. First, a prerequisite to generalizable and valid psychometric measurement of personality rests on the choice of broad-based constructs with systematic univocal definitions. Next, measures…

The feasibility of completely automating the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was tested, and item response latencies were compared with other MMPI item characteristics. A total of 26 scales were successfully scored automatically for 165 subjects. The program also typed a Mayo Clinic interpretive report on a computer terminal,…