After a review of theoretical work on cognitive dissonance, the present study on Junior High School students is discussed. From the results, it is suggested that attitude change may result from a form of self-persuasion during the process of counterattitudinal role playing under certain experimental conditions. (Author/JB)

Rewritten and shortened version of presentation given at a symposium of the American Psychological Associaiton meeting, New York 1966 (MS)

This study sought to ascertain degree to which self disclosing behavior would be predicted by scores on the Jourard Self Disclosure Questionnaire and by scores on the Marlowe Crowne Social Desirability Scale (SDS). Data revealed no relationship between Questionnaire scores and judges' ratings of self disclosure; a significant negative relationship…

Describes current work in selective attention within a framework of research conducted over the past century. Presents evidence that findings at the level of performance, subjective experience, and neural systems can be linked, even though these findings are not yet reducible to a single theory. (Author/GC)

Two fundamental behavior functions are associated with single-subject experimental research: the subject's orderly behavior actually occurring in the experiment of interest and the subject's average orderly behavior across all possible theoretical replications of the experiment of interest. General approaches in investigating both behavior…

The absence of replication studies and negative results in psychological journals, provoked a survey of 14 journal editors asked to tabulate submission rates; accepted/rejected rates; and of these, replication papers and papers with negative and positive results. Since none of the editors surveyed were cooperative, editor bias was suggested. (JC)

Focuses on the effects of unsignaled changes in reinforcement schedules on the level of responding in instrumental conditioning and, particularly, on the theoretical bases of the "elation" and "depression" effects associated with increases and decreases in the parameters of reinforcement. (Author/RK)

Describes the technique of behavior modification and its effect on fears, such as fear of airplane flights and sexual impotence. (Editor/RK)

Challenge studies can be used to see whether there is a causal relationship between an agent of interest and a response. An approach based on union-intersection testing is presented that allows researchers to examine observations on a single subject and test the hypothesis of interest. An application using psychological data is presented. (SLD)

Investigated the assumption that different aspects of visual selectivity depend on common processing resources by engaging observers aged 5, 7, 9, and 24 years in a task designed to examine the relations between covert shifts of attention and filtering. Covert orienting and filtering shared processing resources; filtering ability improved with…

Answers J.E. Bates' discussion of a study by Sanson, Prior, and Kyrios on conceptual overlap between measures of temperament and behavior problems. Discusses the adequacy of measures used in temperament and behavior constructs and the relationship of temperament and behavior problems to internalizing problems. (SH)