Swain (1985) pointed out the need for increased modified output in the classroom in order to encourage learners to engage in more syntactic processing and, thus, make more form-meaning connections. Research in content-based instruction (CBI) ( Musumeci, 1996; Pica, 2002) has revealed few occasions of pushed modified output from learners.…

Do cities have an optimal size? In seeking to answer this question, various theories, including Optimal City Size Theory, the supply-oriented dynamic approach and the city network paradigm, have been forwarded that considered a city's population size as a determinant of location costs and benefits. However, the generalised growth in wealth that…

A call for combining the strengths of geographic education with environmental education to produce an "education for sustainability" addresses local problems for sustainable development. A place-based approach encourages civic responsibility among students. Using service-learning to extend education beyond the classroom in this case study…

Social studies is essential in elementary curriculum. It is the integrated study of the social sciences and humanities to promote civic competence. Within the school program, social studies provides coordinated, systematic study drawing upon such disciplines as anthropology, archaeology, economics, geography, history, law, psychology, religion,…

Aboard a train heading out of Minneapolis toward frontier North Dakota, Era Bell Thompson in her autobiography "American Daughter" (1946) describes a landscape that grows steadily bleaker with each mile farther west: "Suddenly there was snow--miles and miles of dull, white snow, stretching out to meet the heavy, gray sky; deep banks…

This package of training materials is intended for use in a professional development program for teachers of two courses in New South Wales: Human Society and the Environment and Technological and Applied Studies. The package consists of nine booklets and a course outline for each course. The first module contains the following: introduction to…

This student employee handbook offers tips on planning, design process, and presentation of a student Lunar Nautics project. Each section includes mission, task, challenge, and guide questions. With the activities presented, students will learn to design a Lunar Lander, Lunar Miner, and Lunar Base; investigate the geography and geology of the moon…

This series of lesson plans provides an overview of the Federal Republic of Germany. Transparencies and instructions are provided for each of the four lessons. Lesson 1 looks at "Culture and Perspective Taking on the Federal Republic of Germany" with five activities relating to: (1) "Impressions of Germany and Germans"; (2)…

Designed to help teachers bring more information about agriculture into their classrooms, this resource guide provides a listing of materials relating to agriculture available from private and public sources. It describes materials available from more than 300 organizations and publishers who responded to a request regarding materials they were…

This book reports on the 1994 National Assessment for Educational Progress (NAEP) assessment in geography for grades 4, 8, and 12. Students performance is summarized on a scale ranging from 0 to 500 with the achievement levels of Basic, Proficient and Advanced for each grade. Major findings for the nation include: (1) The Proficient level was…

This brief report highlights the findings of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) assessment of geography conducted with students in grades 4, 8, and 12 in 1994. Major findings include: (1) the average score of students in grade 4 was 206, 260 in grade 8, and 285 in grade 12 on a scale from 0 to 500 with achievement levels of…

The Internet introduces something quite new into ordinary everyday communication. It is now possible to carry on extensive interactions with other people without being fully present or even identifying oneself. While this has always been the case to some extent with the use of written and printed communication, as well as with telephone, radio,…

The role of the French language in Flanders, a region of Belgium, is described. First, the region's characteristics are summarized, including its size, population, language distribution, economy, exports, and vacation migration patterns. Next, Belgium's overall linguistic situation, in which each of three regions has its own language, is outlined…

This study of Pakistan provides students and teachers an opportunity to understand the political, religious, and literary accomplishments of the Pakistanis. This project is uses slides to show the beauty of Pakistan and its people. A map indicating the distance between Miami, Florida and Pakistan is provided along with a 5-item reference list of…

Designed for use by classroom teachers and administrators to guide the development of local instructional programs, this guide prescribes the minimum content for public school instruments in K-12 social studies in the state of Alabama. The emphasis of the curriculum is on history and geography instruction, and, within this context, this document…