Recent research in the area of individual differences in learning and memory is reviewed from a cognitive perspective. Using the two-state model of memory as a framework, individual variations in attentional, short-term store, and long-term store processes are discussed. (Editor)

Investigated effects of orders of presentation of oral and written information upon academic performance. Analysis revealed that students who received the oral presentation as the second exposure to the information reported significantly higher grade point averages than those for whom the oral presentation represented the first exposure.…

The author argues that moral behavior can be developed by instructional strategies that are primarily cognitive in nature. These strategies include the teacher telling, explaining, or arguing; and students being encouraged to identify, discuss, and analyze ethical issues. (Author/RM)

The author argues that moral behavior cannot be developed by instructional strategies that are primarily cognitive in nature. Encouraging students to (1) analyze and clarify their own values and behavior and those of others and (2) evaluate different values and/or solutions to moral problems will not make anyone more moral. (Author/RM)

Reviews seven multiple-intelligence forms (linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal) and adds naturalist intelligence, the ability to discriminate among living things. Considers a ninth form (existential intelligence), challenges the IQ concept and common testing practices, and urges…

Describes the Integrated Learning System. This system was developed by the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy for decision making about curriculum, instruction, and student assessment consistent with the overarching goal of nurturing understanding through integrative ways of knowing. Discusses the impact of the system on student achievement…

Tests the hypothesis that students learn best when teachers use strategies consistent with students' temperament-based learning style. Analysis of 417 seventh graders did not support the hypothesis--student achievement was significantly higher when instructional strategies that were designed to promote personalized learning were used. Implications…

Discusses whether the relationship between field dependence/independence (FD/I) and second-language acquisition is significant. The article contains introductory material defining FD/I within the context of second-language acquisition, a review of relevant research, and a discussion of the research's implications for educators and instructional…

A common approach to language awareness is through the contrast between folk and scientific knowledge, with the former getting less attention. This article highlights the modes of folk linguistic awareness, discusses it as a dynamic area of study, and advocates its value for both scientific merit and its importance to applied concerns. (39…

Studied the relationships between the personality types of a group of English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) students in Indonesia and various measures of their academic performance in a course with EFL language measures. Students were almost evenly divided between extroverts and introverts with a distribution of types similar to those of…

Investigated whether Frederiksen and others (1985) multiletter recognition program improved speed, accuracy, and recognition of multiletter units. Found increased perceptual coding skills for 9- and 10-year olds in the training group compared to those in the control group. Results suggest that future research should focus on generalization of…

Gifted high school students (N=199) were evaluated using the Sternberg Triarchic Abilities Test; their academic performance was judged by independent raters; and their thinking styles were measured by two converging self-report questionnaires. After controlling for ability level, styles of thinking significantly contributed to prediction of…

Following a preliminary experience in a low-tech environment for distance language learning and teaching, two challenges were identified in the design of university language courses: the necessity to build sufficient flexibility into materials to cater to learners' styles, interests, and skill levels, and a need to design materials that would…

Describes a study of undergraduates that investigated the influence of interactivity on the learning outcomes of users in a multimedia systems environment, based on behaviorist, cognitivist, and constructivist learning theories. Proposes a measurement scheme for interactivity, considers users' learning environment and attitudes, and discusses…

Discussion of the development of educational hypermedia systems for the Web builds on theories from instructional design and learning styles to develop a design rationale and guidelines for adaptive Web-based learning systems that use individual differences as a basis of system adaptation. Considers content adaptation and adaptive navigation…