Sixteen expert, beginning, and novice teachers, who simultaneously viewed three videotapes showing junior high school science work groups, expressed their thoughts and answered questions about classroom management and instruction. Differences among the groups in terms of perceptions, monitoring, and understanding of classroom events illustrate the…

In this paper, unemployment trends in aggregate, by faculty and by subject are examined, using data from the annual First Destination Return, first compiled for the 1961-62 university graduates, and the 1970 and 1980 graduate cohort surveys. Differences related to gender and type of institution of study are identified. (Author/MLW)

Describes a study of undergraduates at West Virginia University that was conducted to investigate the effects of computer-based instruction on writing performance and writing apprehension. Computer anxiety is measured, appropriate software is discussed, and the quality of pretreatment and posttreatment essays are compared with essays written…

Analyzes policy implications of compensation and working conditions of teachers in three publicly funded early childhood systems: public school prekindergarten and kindergarten, publicly funded child care, and Head Start. Unacceptable levels of teacher turnover and vacancy in nonpublic school programs resulted from differences in compensation and…

Offers a report on Visions for Children--an early childhood demonstration program with the goal of facilitating intellectual development and academic achievement and enhancing self-concepts of African-American preschoolers. Base-line data from the first two phases of child testing comparing program participants and control group children is…

Describes use studies of CD-ROM products in American and western European academic, public, and special libraries. Comparative results of the surveys are reported, including effect of CD-ROMs on library use of online databases, difficulties with different vendors' search techniques, and desired subjects of optical products. (10 references) (LRW)

The diagnostic discourse of medical students and physicians in thinking-aloud protocols on paper cases was analyzed for evidence of semantic structure. Results show that structural semantics can be used to distinguish various levels of mental processing among novices as well as between novices and professionals. (MSE)

Data from a national college faculty survey were used to identify beliefs of department heads about the roles of teaching and research in faculty rewards and examine the relative importance of teaching in compensation decisions. Results indicate discontinuities between beliefs about the importance of teaching and its role in salary decisions.…

A University of Northumbria (England) survey found that Britain's new emphasis on experiential and active learning in higher education is more problematic for part-time than full-time students, despite greater life and work experience. Greater attention to these students' needs, motivations, learning attitudes, and existing knowledge and skill…

Results of a comparison of 73 Anglo American and 155 Chinese American (CA) fourth through sixth graders on an intelligence test and measures of the speed and consistency of retrieval of arithmetic facts from long-term memory are consistent with the hypothesis that accessing elementary arithmetic knowledge is more completely automatized in CA…

Studies Nigerian adult literacy learners reading at about the fifth-grade level. Finds that, although each of the groups had a significant mean score gain, those instructed in a mixture of English and Hausa (1 of 394 recognized languages or dialects in Nigeria) outperformed those instructed in English only or Hausa only. (SR)

A dynamic measure (number of examples needed to reach mastery) predicted transfer but not maintenance of a learned strategy for 64 third graders trained by scaffolded (n=32) or nonscaffolded (n=32) methods. A static measure had some predictive utility in the nonscaffolded condition. The potential superiority of scaffolded instruction is discussed.…

This study of an online search strategy based on word frequency found that it provided 98% sensitivity in retrieving systematic reviews of health-care interventions in MEDLINE, while retaining a low (20%) but acceptable precision. Presents other strategies with other levels of sensitivity and precision and discusses factors that may affect the…

A study investigated the lexical knowledge of 40 Turkish-Dutch bilingual children aged 9 and 11 years and living in the Netherlands. Results indicate important differences between available lexical knowledge in the first language (L1) and second language (L2); children allot to L1 words less extensive and less varied meaning aspects than to L2…

Children with specific language impairments (eight learning Italian, eight learning English as a first language) were studied for grammatical deficits. Italian-speakers used noun inflections, verb inflections, copula forms more than English-speaking counterparts, matched by utterance length. Articles were used similarly. Results were consistent…