Relational reasoning [RR] is the ability to derive meaningful patterns within any information stream. Further, RR can be used as a knowledge activation technique before and during reading, guiding students to notice when their prior understandings are similar to, different from, or in conflict with the text at hand. The purpose of the current…

An understanding of acid-base reactions is necessary for success in chemistry courses and relevant to careers outside of chemistry, yet research has demonstrated that students often struggle with learning acid-base reaction mechanisms in organic chemistry. One response to this challenge is the development of educational applications to support…

This study explored the hypothesis that preschoolers' deductive reasoning would be improved by encouraging use of divergent thinking (DT). Children of 4-5 years of age (n = 120) were randomly given DT or neutral control exercises before deductive reasoning problems. To allow a stronger test of the hypothesis, half of the children receiving the DT…

The first two decades of the 21st century has heralded an unprecedented data revolution increasingly impacting our daily lives. Statistics education must continually update itself to prepare students for this new data-driven world. In this reflection on our research during this time, we discuss how fostering learning from data brought many…

In order to investigate students' misunderstandings of potential wells and tunneling, a conceptual knowledge test was administered to Dutch secondary school students after they were taught about quantum mechanics. A frequency analysis of responses to the multiple choice questions (n = 98) and coding of the responses to the open-ended questions and…

Purpose: Analogical reasoning has been studied using a variety of tasks that generally required consideration of the relationship between the object and its integration to conclude an analog schema. The aim of this study was to describe the model of analogical reasoning schema based on some analogical problems. Research Method: In this study used…

This research develops a web-based model, entitled the "intuitive claim, peer-assessment, discussion, and elaborate claim argumentation training" (IPadE) model, and embeds with a Web-based Interactive Argumentation System to enhance undergraduate students' socioscientific argumentation abilities. This research adopts a quasi-experimental…

Assessment rubrics intend to make criteria explicit to students. However, an understanding of assessment criteria requires tacit knowledge about which students may not be aware. The lack of such knowledge is notable in undergraduate health science students taking a compulsory course in the social sciences. This study performed a content analysis…

This paper reports findings from a study that establishes empirical support for Harel's (Zentralblatt für Didaktik der Math 40:893-907 2008b) inclusion of "mathematical ways of thinking" as a component of teachers' professional knowledge base. Specifically, we examined the role of "quantitative reasoning" (Smith and Thompson,…

Eye-tracking studies need adequate theoretical frameworks for producing insights about mathematics learning. The current study uses eye-tracking to investigate the effectiveness of tables and diagrams for supporting covariational reasoning amongst elementary students (n = 60). The theoretical framework emphasizes the cognitive functions of…

The institutional logics perspective is a metatheoretical framework utilized to examine the interrelationships between institutions, individuals, and organizations in a social system (Thornton et al., 2012). A developing thought in the institutional logics perspective is the concept of the interinstitutional system, which is a framework for…

Both scientists and children make important structural discoveries, yet their computational underpinnings are not well understood. Structure discovery has previously been formalized as probabilistic inference about the right structural form--where form could be a tree, ring, chain, grid, etc. (Kemp & Tenenbaum, 2008). Although this approach…

One line of research on student understanding of complex systems has tended to emphasize discontinuities between common misconceptions and relatively more sophisticated understandings. Other work has focused on instruction while acknowledging the existence of other ways of understanding complex systems, but less emphasis has been on examining the…

Designs combining different types of data are increasingly used in educational evaluation, to provide both evidence of impact and an explanation of the processes by which impacts are created. Logic models are visual representations of how an intervention leads via a set of steps from resources and inputs to outputs and then sets of outcomes. Their…

This paper outlines a proposal to use smartphones and counterfactual reasoning to overcome rote and passive learning. Some historians and history teachers have highlighted the usefulness of counterfactual reasoning for a deeper understanding of the past. In a classroom history simulation, it is proposed here that counterfactuals can be developed…