This study examines the relationships among oral, visual, and a combination of oral and visual presentational stimuli; concrete or abstract types of content; and high or low verbal learner ability. The 248 third grade students either heard a short story, watched pictures showing the same short story, or heard and watched a combination of the oral…

This experimental study was conducted in an attempt to determine how children--four, seven, and 11 years old--perceive implied motion cues in combination with a variety of objects. Ninety children, 30 in each age group, were shown 24 pictures. There were three kinds of objects, each with an inherent active and static dimension. Each of these six…

Results of two studies investigating children's abilities to use different kinds of cues to infer another's affective state are reported in this paper. In the first study, 48 children (3, 4, and 6 to 7 years of age) were given three different kinds of tasks (interpersonal task, facial recognition task, and vocal recognition task). A cross-age…

This pilot study investigated (1) the extent scanning speed can be improved through practice, (2) the learning strategies students use in attempting to improve their scanning, and (3) differences between scanning rate for stimuli presented orally and visually. Subjects were advanced college students with average reading skills. Each subject was…

Reported is an Aptitude Treatment Instruction (ATI) Study designed to evaluate the aptitude of verbal comprehension in terms of two unitary complex science diagram types: a single complex block word diagram and a single complex picture word diagram.. ATI theory and research indicate that different effective instructional treatments tend to help…

Visual fixation on one of two blank targets was reinforced with either visual or auditory stimuli in one of 3 intensity sequences: (1) low, medium, high; (2) medium, high, low; and (3) high, low, medium. An analysis of variance of learning scores for the 48 14-week-old infants resulted in a significant interaction of intensity and order and in a…

A study was conducted to determine the ways in which multi-sensory cues can be simulated and effectively used in the training of pilots. Two analytical bases, one called the stimulus environment approach and the other an information array approach, are developed along with a cue taxonomy. Cues are postulated on the basis of information gained from…

Seven studies were conducted to investigate the interactions between imagery-ability and experimental treatments that parallel instructional procedures. The general orientation of the studies was to extend the concepts of imaginal and verbal coding systems to include individual differences in symbolic habits. Thus all the studies took into account…

Additional support to a stimulus-response (S-R) association by the use of an extraneous stimulus is called "prompting." Prompting has an effect on learner achievement particularly if the prompting agent is identical on successive S-R trials. This experiment sought to analyze the differences in learner achievement when different prompting stimuli…

This study investigated the effects of three gaze patterns-staring, normal looking, glancing and avoiding eye contact-and verbal insult on instrumental aggression. It was hypothesized that the experimental manipulation of verbal insult will: (1) not affect shock intensity or duration (2) not increase the subjects self-reported hostility, and (3)…

Evaluated with 14 dyslexic and 14 normal boys (all 6-12 years old) was the relationship between slow speech-motor encoding to the transfer of information from short-term to long-term memory. (Author/DB)

Explored are the possibilities of using amplification in three sensory modes (audition, vision, and touch) in the education of the aurally handicapped. (BD)

The effects of imagery on children's learning of verbal materials is reviewed. Paired associate learning is emphasized, with some discussion of recall, recognition, visual discrimination and prose learning. Visual versus verbal images, elaborated versus unelaborated stimuli, induced images, and physical manipulation of learning materials are…

The achievement of labeling was investigated in a longitudinal study of one mother-infant dyad, using video-recordings and analysis of joint picture-book reading. Participating in a ritualized dialogue, rather than imitation, was found to be the major mechanism through which labeling was achieved. (Author/SW)

Seven experiments are described investigating the effecy of high intensity white noise during the visual presentation of words on a number of short-term memory tasks. Examines results relative to position learning and sequence learning. (Editor/RK)