Studies on distributive sentences by Weaver and by Hobbs are reviewed, with procedures and findings summarized. Data from Hobbs were reanalyzed to answer the question, to what extent did individual students tend to use the same solution method for all four types of open sentences? A one-way ANOVA indicated that there appeared to be no differential…

Four series of self-instructional elementary multiplication lessons were developed and tested on first-, second-, and third-grade students. The series were: (1) deductive-concrete, (2) deductive-pictorial, (3) inductive-concrete, and (4) inductive-pictorial. Students were given pretests and posttests and a retention test on the objectives of the…

This is one of a series of units intended for both preservice and inservice elementary school teachers to satisfy a need for materials on "new mathematics" programs which (1) are readable on a self basis or with minimal instruction, (2) show the pedagogical objectives and uses of such mathematical structural ideas as the field axioms,…

This study investigated two methods used to teach multidigit multiplication to fourth-grade students: the lattice method and the distributive method. Classes from four schools were randomly assigned so that the two treatment groups contained two each or urban, rural and inner city classrooms. A series of 15 lessons was prepared for each treatment…

The effects of several variables on the ability of students to solve open sentences involving multiplication and division were examined. The variables considered were sex, grade level, position of the unknown in the sentence, and operation. (SD)

Computational algorithms appearing in early American arithmetic text are discussed. (SD)

Allowing students to examine different ways of performing an operation is suggested as a means of increasing their understanding. (MP)

The method described here converts a given problem in a base other than ten to a related problem in base ten, solves the related problem in base ten, and converts the answer back to the original base. Limitations are discussed. (MP)

Cassette tapes were prepared to provide drill in multiplication facts. Pre-test and post-test scores were recorded. (MP)

Modern sophisticated computers are shown to multiply the same way the ancient Egyptians did more than 4000 years ago--by doubling and adding. (MN)

The author urges that subtraction be introduced by "taking away" rather than by equal addition; multiplication be first demonstrated in sets; division be understood as sharing; and unit fractions be denoted at first by using the written word for denominator. (MN)

Observations of students working with subtraction and division are reported. The instructional situation and goals of the teacher are discussed. (SD)

Research on students' attainment on multiplication facts, common errors, and meaningful instruction is briefly cited in this review. (MNS)

Activities are presented that focus on attributes of numbers. The activities highlight such attributes as more than, equal to, greater than, less than, LCM, prime and factor. The activities provide practice in motivational game-oriented situations. (RH)