Visual representation and viewing are integral parts of language arts, communication, and physical education. Time constraints often limit a self-contained classroom teacher, or even the language arts teacher's ability to adequately address all areas of language arts. Therefore, it is important to include language arts in other content areas.…

Bullying is a serious problem in schools. This paper reports on a project in which the authors worked with a group of secondary students in an innovative school in the north of England to research issues of bullying and safety. The student researchers used photographs to stimulate conversations with focus groups of their peers. The data showed…

Empirical evidence is needed to corroborate the intuitions of gamers and game developers in understanding the benefits of Immersive Virtual Worlds (IVWs) as a learning environment and the role that music plays within these environments. We report an investigation to determine if background music of the genre typically found in computer-based…

The purpose of the experiments was to determine the automatic use of large or small word reading units in young readers in the absence of word decoding strategies. Picture-word Stroop interference was examined from four types of conflicting labels: (a) words containing both highly predictable grapheme-phoneme correspondence (GPC) units and highly…

In this study of changes in children's social schemata, kindergarten, fourth and eighth grade children were asked to place felt figures on a felt board in any way they wished. Pictures were analyzed to determine age-related changes in schemata to organize different groups of human figures and discussed in terms of the development of social…

Two studies investigating figurative expectancy, or the tendency to make perceptual judgments on the basis of temporal patterns, are reported. The results are interpreted as supportive of Piaget's theory of perceptual development. (JMB)

Eighty nursery school and upper elementary school children selected picture cards from varying stimulus arrays in order to indicate their preference for unorganized mixed collections, groups of identical cards, or sets of different cards that together formed a whole figure. (CW)

Evaluates the use of 5-year-olds' scores on a picture reading task to predict the children's later reading performance. Suggests that the picture reading task measures differences in children's understanding of the nature and purpose of reading. (CW)

The intent of this study is to compare tactile, visual and auditory temporal numerosity discrimination by having subjects count the number of stimuli presented to a single locus. (Author)

The present study attempted to further analyze the interaction of verbal and image coding processes in memory for pictures and words. (Author)

The present study utilized complex visual stimuli to investigate possible mechanisms for temporal coding because such stimuli seemed to provide a close analogue of events in daily life. (Author)

Pulsation threshold (PT) masking was used to assess frequency resolution among infants 3 and 6 months of age and adults. The masker intensity at which the pulsing probe becomes indistinguishable from a physically continuous probe is the PT. A measure of frequency resolution can be obtained by examining the effects of masker frequency on the PT. In…

This study investigated: (1) whether infants can develop expectations for events that alternate along the vertical axis; and (2) whether infants who form expectations with one action set can transfer them to a different action set--that is, from vertical to horizontal eye movements. A total of 32 infants of 3 months of age saw one of two picture…