Background: Ability grouping in education is the practice of separating students into different groups or classes according to their actual or perceived ability levels. Studies of ability grouping in physical education have been few in number or broad in purpose and methodology. What is certain however is that the voices of students remain…

Cognitive ability is closely associated with the acquisition of programming skills, and enhancing learners' cognitive ability is a crucial factor in improving the efficacy of programming education. Adaptive feedback strategies can provide learners with personalized support based on their learning context, which helps to stimulate their interest…

Many students in STEM experience decreased performance due to anxiety, namely math and science anxiety. However, spatial skills are correlated with better STEM outcomes. Our research addressed a previous gap in the literature, investigating if STEM anxiety or spatial experiences have a stronger relationship with STEM outcomes. In this online…

To understand the achievement gaps that persist in our schools despite years of equity initiatives, we must look to the insidious legacy of segregated schools and the deliberate underdevelopment of diverse students' cognitive abilities. Uprooting this "cognitive redlining" requires we reimagine instruction for our most vulnerable…

High school students often encounter a range of challenges related to adolescence, future career uncertainty, family expectations, and societal pressures to succeed and excel. Addressing these issues requires targeted psychological support, particularly in enhancing academic self-efficacy (SE) and reducing pessimistic tendencies -- two constructs…

Purpose: This study investigated the language and cognitive skills of preschool children with sex chromosome trisomies (SCTs) with and without a co-diagnosis of developmental language disorder (DLD), considering possible differences between SCT types (i.e., XXX, XXY, and XYY). Method: Fifty-five children with a prenatally diagnosed SCT (19 XXX, 25…

The digital transformation in education and the widespread use of mobile devices have blurred the boundaries between students' learning and entertainment, increasing the prevalence of cyberloafing among college students. To address the inconsistent effects of cyberloafing on academic achievement, this study proposed a curvilinear relationship…

Background: This study aimed to apply the COM-B model to understand the capabilities, opportunities, and motivations for walking behaviour among adults with intellectual disabilities. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with adults (= 18 years) with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities living in Greater Glasgow using one-to-one…

Students' accurate monitoring of their own performance is essential for achieving successful learning processes. In this work, we have aimed at analysing the role played by monetary incentives and by metacognitive feedback in improving students' miscalibration of their academic performance. A randomised field experiment was implemented in which…

Neighborhood adversity links to mental health and cognitive outcomes, but little is known about structural factors that may buffer these links. The current study addresses this gap by assessing the role of protective factors in the association of neighborhood deprivation, threat, and segregation with psychopathology symptoms and cognitive…

Background: Literacy development in learners with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) differs from that of neurotypical peers. Many individuals with ASD, particularly those with complex communication needs, enter adulthood without literacy skills, which affects employment opportunities. Teachers' perceptions of their learners' literacy abilities…

Previous work by Hille and Schupp (2015) examined the associations between learning a musical instrument (ML) in childhood and cognitive functioning, academic achievement, personality measures and perceived control using a longitudinal data set, the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP). In this article we replicate major parts of this study by…

This study examines gender gaps in ability grouping based on students' appraisals of their math and Spanish language abilities. The role of these ability groupings in predicting students' university studies was also analyzed. 796 secondary students participated (mean age=16 years, S.D=0.81). The self-criterion residual method resulted in three…

Children's academic skills, particularly in the early stages of life, are significantly shaped by the support and resources available in their home learning environments. However, the underlying mechanisms by which the home learning environment influences children's academic skills are not fully understood. To address this gap, the present study…

Child temperament is a predictor of non-verbal ability (i.e., thinking and problem-solving skills that do not fundamentally require verbal language production and comprehension). Given that temperament scores might vary depending on whether the reporter is a parent or a teacher, this study analyzes (a) whether those reports are different and (b)…