Small-set segmental identification experiments were conducted with three deaf-blind subjects who were highly experienced users of the Tadoma method. Systematic variations in the positioning of the hand on the speaker's face for Tadoma produced systematic effects on percent-correct scores, information transfer, and perception of individual…

This paper proposes that patterns of proximity data that have been characterized in terms of asymmetric similarity may be alternatively characterized in terms of differential bias. An additive similarity and bias model is reviewed, and it is proposed that biases can be stimulus based as well as response based. (SLD)

In first of 2 experiments, an early negative component of 400 4 to 6 year olds distinguished between happy and angry expressions. A later positive component distinguished between target and nontarget events. Both components were observed in a second experiment. Results are discussed in the context of children's allocation of attentional and memory…

In 5 experiments, 10 month olds were habituated to exemplars of a form category and tested for categorization in paired-comparison trials involving in-category versus out-of-category stimuli. Results suggest infants' internal representation for category will not include stimulus dimension not varied in exemplars from which the category was…

Preferences for moving versus static bars were assessed in 8-, 16-, and 20-week-old infants. Findings revealed that at both 16 and 20 weeks, preferences were affected only by the velocity of the bar's movement. This effect persisted at 20 weeks even when static reference features were added to the display. (RH)

Data suggest that human newborns are capable of making a chromatic discrimination within the spectral region above 540 nm (the Rayleigh region), but their ability is limited to chromatic stimuli of very wide spectral separation and of very large size. Possible neurological bases underlying this immaturity are discussed. (RH)

Investigated the role of an external clock in two temporal conditioning situations involving three-year olds. One situation required the spacing of responses to visual stimuli; the other, producing a response for a set duration. Found that the presence of the clock increased the efficiency of performance. (SW)

Argues that "persistence of vision" myth (the succession of still images perceived as continuous motion) has a place in the history of film scholarship but can no longer be given currency in film theory. Suggests replacement of the concept of the passive viewer implied by the myth by an enlightened understanding of how viewers actually…

Three experiments using the familiarization-novelty preference procedure confirmed the hypothesis that three-month-old infants could form categorical representations of spatial relations above and below. The infants, after being shown a familiarization diagram with a dot appearing in multiple locations below a line, showed a preference for a novel…

It is proposed that attributes of automatization depend on the strength of a processing pathway, and that strength increases with training. With the Stroop effect as an example, automatic processes are shown through simulation to be continuous and to emerge gradually with practice. (SLD)

Memory for object motion in three-month-old infants was investigated across different time intervals in three studies using a novelty preference method. Results indicated a significant preference for the novel motion after a one-minute delay, a significant preference for the familiar motion after a one-month delay, and no preferences at the…

Results of a study with 48 Israeli college students cast doubt on feature integration theory. Subjects searching for a probe in an array of three stimuli in two attention conditions, attention being manipulated by a dual-task requirement, made more conjunction errors than feature errors. (SLD)

Tested 7 and 10 month olds for perception of correlations among facial features. After habituation to faces displaying a pattern of correlation, 10 month olds generalized to a novel face that preserved the pattern of correlation but showed increased attention to a novel face that violated the pattern. (BC)

Three kinds of implicit knowledge are (1) unconscious and nonverbalizable, stemming from familiarity with environment; (2) conscious but nonverbalizable (feeling-sense); and (3) unstated conscious and verbalizable (hidden assumptions). Implicit knowing makes its main contribution at the initial stages of problem solving. (SK)

Recorded electroencephalographic activity of infants and adults who heard 1 unique tone in a series of 10 tones. The amplitude of event-related brain potentials in response to the unique tone was smaller, and its latency longer, for infants than for adults. Evoked potentials remained stable across trials. (BC)