Three experiments investigated the dynamics of human infant visual fixation. Results showed that, over a series of trials, four-month-olds fixate longer on a complex than on a simple stimulus. Findings challenge prevailing cognitive-schema theories as a complete account of the dynamics of infant visual fixation. A two-process theory that accounts…

A total of 11 reading-disabled and 11 nondisabled children ages 13 and 14 were presented a list of 10 words at different rates. Immediately after the last word of each list, subjects recalled the words in any order. Results focused on the use of elaborative encoding. (Author/CI)

Investigated relative effects of chronological age and experiential deprivation upon pictorial recognition. Four age levels (ages four to five, five to six, six to seven, and seven to eight years) and two levels of deprivation were manipulated. The 50 subjects in each factorial cell performed tasks individually. (Author/RH)

Principal findings were that pictures of objects with more frequently occurring names were named more rapidly than those with less frequently occurring names; that language-impaired children named pictures less rapidly than chronological-age peers but more rapidly than language-age peers; and effects of frequency of occurrence were comparable for…

Compared three methods of inducing relaxation in 48 high school students: (1) a condensed Jacobson sequence recorded in the individual's own voice, (2) an identical sequence recorded in a therapist's voice, or (3) taped music. The own-voice group showed trends toward lessening of tension and anxiety. (JAC)

In Experiment 1, the illumination of black stimuli on white backgrounds failed to facilitate discrimination learning. In Experiment 2, however, illumination of white stimuli on black backgrounds facilitated discrimination learning. Findings supported the use of changes in illumination as an attention-influencing feature of nonspeech communication…

To examine the relative effects of using photography and actual objects in training for generalization, 24 severely-moderately retarded adults were taught a simple industrial task. The use of photography as stimulus materials produced inferior results to those obtained from using actual objects or conventional teaching. (Author/CL)

Results indicated that the auditory stimuli intervention was effective in reducing vocal stereotypes of one autistic S across all activities and for the second subject, in two activities. Social validity measures confirmed the effects of the intervention, the importance of decreasing the behavior, and that the intervention itself was not…

Article focused on numerous examples of mimic/model confusion experienced by animal and man. (Author/RK)

Examines the nature of perceptual mechanisms mediating kinetic depth effects by pitting one type of one-dimensional motion perspective against the other. (Author/RK)

A cued recall procedure was employed to assess the effectiveness of implicit and explicit word prompts for sentence memory in children. The implicit cues were much less effective than the explicit cues for 6-7 year olds while the cue types did not differ for 11-12 year olds. (Author/DEP)

An attempt was made to show that the connection repeatedly found between reading scores and scores on tests for auditive discrimination between speech sounds in children with no articulatory defects, results from the fact that the tests really measure a special skill in phonemic segmentation, a skill which is promoted by the instruction in…

Overview of the important aspects in childrens books, particularly picture books and illustration styles. Many specific books are described. (KP)

Recognition by infants, 13 and 22 weeks old, was tested by pairing novel stimuli with the familiarization stimulus at different points in an experimental session. Younger subjects showed no recognition of either two- or three- dimensional stimuli. Older subjects demonstrated more recognition in the three-dimensional condition. (MS)