Based on a PhD dissertation submitted to the University of Illinois.

This study compares the effectiveness of three methods of teaching object names to young children. These methods were (1) informal play, in which an adult named and described those objects with which a child played; (2) picture reading, in which an adult named and described objects depicted in photographs; and (3) a combination of the first and…

This guide to the compilation of a unique resource for the second language classroom envisages the magazine picture as a stimulus to classroom communication because of its association with popular culture, and as an aid in language instruction because of the possibilities of encouraging verbal expression of the situation depicted. Approximately…

BECAUSE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COLOR IN PICTORIAL INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WAS INDETERMINATE, 5 EXPERIMENTS WERE DESIGNED TO INVESTIGATE EFFECTS OF COLOR CUE RELEVANCE (DEFINED AS A CORRELATION OVER TRIALS BETWEEN PRESENTATION OF A GIVEN STIMULUS CUE AND REINFORCEMENT OF A PARTICULAR RESPONSE) ON PAIRED-ASSOCIATE LEARNING. OTHER INDEPENDENT VARIABLES…

RESULTS OF AN EARLIER STUDY SUGGEST THAT SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH NOUNS OF HIGH RESPONSE STRENGTH ARE EASIER TO LEARN THAN SENTENCES ENDING WITH NOUNS OF HIGH RESPONSE STRENGTH. THE INFERENCE DERIVED FROM THAT STUDY, AND TESTED IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WAS THAT THE ORDER OF A WORD IN NATURAL SPEECH IS A FUNCTION OF RESPONSE STRENGTH, SO THAT WORDS…

The focus of this research is to determine how soon and to what extent infant abilities are influenced by listening experience. Fourteen English-learning infants and fourteen Spanish-learning 6-8 month old infants participated in a first experiment; eight additional English and Spanish-learning infants participated in a second experiment. Infants…

A study is described in which the acquisition of "in,""on," and "under" was studied controlling for the non-linguistic strategies suggested by Clark's (1974) ordered rules, as well as controlling for stimuli bias. Clark's rules were: (1) If Y is a container, put X "in" it; and if Y is not a container, but…

A study was conducted to determine if there was a relationship between the cognitive styles of learners and their ability to correctly identify previously seen pictorial materials presented in color or black and white. Fifty-three third and fourth grade students from the Pittsburgh Public School System served as subjects for the study. Testing…

Although there has been previous research concerned with image size, brightness, and contrast in projection standards, the work has lacked careful conceptualization. In this study, size was measured in terms of the visual angle subtended by the material, brightness was stated in foot-lamberts, and contrast was defined as the ratio of the…

Concerned with the need to offer high school students organized practice in observing visual stimuli and writing about what they see, the author offers an annotated list of short films with little dialogue and narration that can conveniently be used in the classroom for teaching observation through the moving image. (LS)

Ten boys and 16 girls from two Head Start schools in Massachusetts were administered two projective measures of aggression. A third measure was obtained from teacher rankings of behavior based on classroom conduct. For the projective measures, each child was asked to respond to three social situations as depicted by dolls and drawings. The child…

Two experiments examined the effects of task-specific instructions on the recall and recognition memory of kindergarten, 2nd and 5th grade children for pictorial stimuli. In Experiment 1, a recall test was used and prior to stimulus presentation subjects were given one of three instructions: either a Recall-specific set, a general Remember set, or…

A looming paradigm was used to determine what depth information infants process in addition to that provided by the expansion of a single, closed contour of an object. A total of 18 male and 15 female infants aged 22-48 days watched a film in which the circular elements and inter-element spaces of the projected image alternately expanded and…

The essays in this book concern themselves with the carefully sequenced interplay between sensory, imaginative awareness and disciplined, scientific knowledge. They deal specifically with sharpening visual perception. The opening essays analyze the fundamental characteristics of visual faculties. The next group of essays deal with vision as an…

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the neural efficiency of the human brain as measured by parameters of sensory evoked potentials varies depending on the sensory input used within the same subject. The subjects were 213 children aged eight to 16 years, selected randomly. Computer analysis of EEG data was performed in order to…