This article contrasts the geography, history, customs, personality features, costumes, language, music, cooking, and way of life of Brittany and of Provence. The Bretons are Celtic peoples and speak a Celtic tongue, "Breton," while the people of Provence were assimilated into the society of their Roman conquerors and speak…

The evolution of European government activities in the sphere of international cultural relations is examined. Section 1 describes the period between World War I and World War II when European governments tried to enhance their prestige and policies by means of cultural propaganda. Section 2 analyzes the period during World War II when the…

This publication is the result of a conference on foreign language teaching and European studies convened by the Centre for Information on Language Teaching and Research in February 1973. In the first chapter, which serves as an introduction to the volume, G. E. Perren summarizes current views about the relationship between foreign languages and…

The task of this survey was to measure the relative scale of interest in Western European Studies in the United States. Doctoral dissertations and mainstream academic journals in political science, economics, anthropology, geography, sociology, and history were examined for topics dealing with Western Europe. In addition, programs and…

This article attempts to separate fact from fancy in a new portrayal of the American Indian of the past. (Text is in French.) (DB)

Examines the origins of state educational systems in Europe in the nineteenth century and the institutionalization of mass education throughout the world in the twentieth century. Shows how construction of mass educational systems became a major and indispensable component of every modern state's nation building activity. Discusses the usefulness…

While Martin Luther is often regarded as an outstanding educator and his historical importance as a religious leader is indisputable, a closer examination of his writings on religion and education and his virulent anti-Semitism leave his status as an outstanding general educator open to serious question. (IS)

Discussed is the unprecedented expansion of educational facilities in 16th and 17th century England. Reasons for the newly endowed schools, freelance teachers and increasing numbers of students proceeding to higher education are investigated. The author concludes that, in spite of some extraordinary successes, the chances of escaping drudgery…

George C. Marshall (1880-1959), head of the U.S. Army in World War II, Secretary of State (1947-49), Secretary of Defense (1950-51), and Nobel Peace Prize winner (1953), was one of the late people as a child. He liked to play and was reasonably athletic, anxious to try out new ideas, and was particularly interested in history, but he was not…

Using a cross-section of European secondary school history textbooks, a study examined general developments in the presentation of history over the last decades. Three to 5 textbooks from 13 European countries were examined. Until the mid-1960s textbooks were primarily concerned with the history of the particular state or nation, but over the last…

World history textbooks currently used in U.S. high schools adopt Western civilization as the integrating element of world history. The high school world history approach with Western civilization as the essence was a product of the late 19th century and early 20th century. The historical consciousness of this period continues to influence…

This unit of study explains the causes, course, characteristics, and results of the Black Death during the 14th century. The Black Death, also known as the bubonic plague, left virtually no one untouched in Europe, Asia, and Northern Africa. Europe lost a third or more of its population. In a broader context, study of the unit alerts students to…

For students, the study of the Holocaust encourages discussion about prejudice and justice, shame and dignity, hopelessness and faith, and engages them in debate about the moral and ethical behavior of humankind. Introducing students to the personal narrative, fiction, and poetry allows them to hear a narrative voice recount the facts of this…

Even with appropriate curriculum materials, teachers need to employ reflective springboards that cause learners to link Holocaust information and personal stories to the students' in-school and out-of-school realities and to issues in community life. The guide provides five activities that are intended to be used in any sequence and for any class.…

Examines roles played by men and women in the French family from well before 1760 to the present. The author shows how changes in the mentalities of family and gender reflect changes in the other structures--social, political, economic, technological--without being mere ideological replicas of them. (RM)