Three experiments explored the effect of introducing novel information about a central target after a short delay on six-month-old's recognition of the original target, the novel exposure target, and a completely novel one. They found that the infants' memory of a central target is resistant to impairment by conflicting postevent information after…

Analysis of the pairwise preferences of pairs of gambling stimuli elicited from each of 40 chronic schizophrenic inpatients, 32 schizophrenic outpatients, and 33 siblings or parents of these patients indicates that choice behavior was usually determined by the expected value of the stimuli, with no significant differences among groups. (SLD)

One experiment determined that the minimum angle at which infants can discriminate 2 sound presentations decreases substantially toward 48 weeks of age. In 3 succeeding experiments, infants aged 16, 20, and 28 weeks were able to discriminate sounds presented to each ear between 50 and 75 microseconds apart. (BC)

In 2 experiments, mothers, between 5 and 81 hours after giving birth, stroked the hand of 3 infants and then guessed which infant was their own. Results showed that the majority of mothers who had been with their infant for an hour or more since childbirth were successful at the task. (BC)

Three studies examined infants' responses to tactile stimulation by adults who offered neutral facial expressions to the infants. Results implied that adult touch and facial expressions act as modulators of infant affect and attention in social exchanges. (BC)

Finds that when children write without any picture, they use a more developed story narrative than when they are given pictures as an initial stimulus. Suggests that it is the content of the picture and the way in which it is presented that affects story structure. (RS)

An auditory Stroop task was administered to 20 children with hearing impairment (ages 3-10) and 60 normal-hearing children. Results suggest that the voice-gender and semantic dimensions of speech were not processed independently by children with or without hearing loss. Speech processing by children with hearing impairment was carried out in a…

A theory of the physiology of motivation is presented. The basic assumption is that the amount of motivated behavior is a direct function of the amount of activity in certain excitatory centers of the hypothalamus. Activities of these centers are determined by factors in four general classes. (SLD)

Techniques borrowed from the format of television programs can improve teaching effectiveness: introducing the lesson (set induction), retaining attention (stimulus variation), explaining, and reinforcing through summary. (SK)

This article analyzes arguments for a written form of American Sign Language (ASL) and suggests the need for empowerment of people who are deaf. It concludes that suggestions to "alphabeticize" ASL or to utilize English glosses would not be appropriate, and proposes that deaf people themselves develop a visual symbol system. (DB)

A systematic investigation of the Grice modeling scheme for response time (RT) clarifies fundamental notions about RT modeling. The analysis presented can be used to determine what in a certain RT model constitutes a set of empirically testable assumptions and what is merely an arbitrary choice of mathematical language. (SLD)

The DEcomposition into DIrectional COMponents (DEDICOM) method for analysis of asymmetric data gives representations that are identified only up to a non-singular transformation. To identify solutions, it is proposed that subspace constraints be imposed on the stimulus coefficients. Procedures are discussed for several cases. (SLD)

Three experiments tested the hypothesis that the differences in infants' time of looking at a stimulus are due to infants' differential sensitivity to global and local visual information. Found that both long- and short-looking four-month-old infants were sensitive to both types of information. These results do not support the hypothesis. (MDM)

Two experiments involving 12 college students suggest that the visual system codes the temporal relationship between stimuli that occur in close temporal contiguity and that the temporal code determines performance in tasks requiring temporal integration. Potential extension to other visual phenomena is discussed. (SLD)

Twenty-four prevocational students and 24 apprentices in motor mechanical courses were tested after training involving text alone and text with diagrams. Knowledge was no greater in either situation, despite claims that illustrations enhance comprehension. (SK)