A study of the differences in the estimates given by older and younger adults of the ages of stimulus persons distributed across the age continuum. (SDH)

This study was designed to investigate preschoolers' comprehension of five types of "wh-questions": who, what, why, where, and when. Eighty urban, black, 3- to 5-year-old preschool children were divided into four age groups: early 3's, late 3's, early 4's, and late 4's, with 10 boys and 10 girls in each group. Subjects were presented…

The purpose of this study is to explore the potential uses of photography and its practical implications as a qualitative evaluation technique. Potential uses are proposed: (1) systematic recording of a program activity; (2) highlighting specific events; (3) illustrating a point; (4) leading the evaluator to specific persons, activities, and…

A diagnostic study tested the hypothesis that still advertising pictures and television commercials are governed by a basic visual communication principle: that viewers' comprehension and retention of still and moving images depends greatly on the harmonious coexistence of their figure/ground relationships. Ten still images (half in black and…

The main aim of this study was to compare children diagnosed as dysphonetic and dyseidetic on a number of mental processing variables to determine if opposite patterns of relative strength and weakness between the groups could be documented. Another aim was to externally validate the diagnostic criteria, which were based on standardized clinical…

Guidelines for the design of instructional materials are outlined in this paper. The principles of design are presented in five major categories: (1) general design (structural appeal and personal appeal); (2) instructional design (attention, memory, concept learning, and attitude change); (3) visual design (media considerations, pictures, graphs…

The acquisition of information from pictures and the relationship between canonical orientation and the function of objects were studied. Twenty introductory educational psychology students experienced a set of five common objects, three different functional uses, and four possible orientations for each object. The results analyzed for one…

In order to investigate the relative effectiveness of specific media attributes on student performance on criterion tests, a comparison was made of the effectiveness of two levels of stimulus explicitness in visuals in facilitating student achievement on criterion tests of knowledge, comprehension, and total understanding. Subjects were 171…

This study investigated the cognitive processes involved in picture interpretation as pictorial realism (i.e., iconic stimulus complexity) increases. Variables influencing cognitive efficiency in picture interpretation were analyzed, particularly field independence and ideational fluency. Field independence is the extent to which a surrounding…

One theoretical model for understanding the visual event suggests that a visual event has both a surface (descriptive) and a deeper (experience) level of understanding. Both levels are needed to comprehend and appreciate images, with each level affecting the other. A person's perspective is an important part of the visual event, which depends upon…

A discussion of using pictures to teach media equipment operation in preservice teacher education at Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. (HB)

Investigates whether procedural differences or developmental changes account for the ambiguous results obtained in previous research on the affective consequences of mere exposure to visual stimuli with 7-, 9-, and 11-year-old children. (Author/ED)