The increasing use of multidimensional scaling (MDS) as a descriptive and explanatory aid to studying the behavior of individuals to complex stimuli raises some important theoretical questions regarding the interpretation that can be placed on such solutions. Problems involved in equating multidimensional scaling solutions with cognitive…

Studies the influence of both a syntactic cue (i.e. agent-deletion) and a semantic cue (i.e. non-reversibility) on the evolving comprehension of passive sentences by young children. (Author/RK)

Describes a series of experiments showing that in normal subjects (a) iconic storage occurs primarily in the retina in the photoreceptors and (b) under conditions of dark pre- and postexposure fields, the icon is mainly a rod phenomenon. Draws conclusions based on these experiments, discusses previous work done by others, and attempts to reconcile…

Discusses a number of issues that bear on the scientific usefulness of sentence verification models. These models explain how information from a sentence is compared to its referent. (Editor)

Uses new approaches to differentiate three types of models describing intuitive numerical prediction. (Author)

A theory of perception and attention that emphasizes the relational nature of perceptual invariants is developed within the context of auditory pattern research. (Editor)

When a person performs several activities at the same time, there is often competition for the processing resources required to do those activities. Recently, the authors developed a method for analyzing the tradeoffs that can occur when two or more tasks compete for the same limited resource. (Editor/RK)

Reviews the current status of abortion laws pertaining to adolescents worldwide, examining questions raised by parental consent laws in the United States and by the relevant psychological research (risk of harm from abortion, informed consent, consequences of parental involvement in the abortion decision, and current debate). Discusses issues…

Outlined an estimate-substitution strategy for a test comparing two means and developed an expected-power formula for the test. Demonstrated that for empirically representative distributions of effect size in psychology, the expected power deficit is large. (SLD)

Summarizes the post-1994 literature in psychology and education regarding statistical significance testing, emphasizing limitations and defenses of statistical testing and alternatives or supplements to statistical significance testing. (SLD)

This paper proposes that patterns of proximity data that have been characterized in terms of asymmetric similarity may be alternatively characterized in terms of differential bias. An additive similarity and bias model is reviewed, and it is proposed that biases can be stimulus based as well as response based. (SLD)

Confronts problems that arise in a great deal of psychological, sociological, and educational research; problems that occur when research is concerned with human or rational attributes and performances rather than with physical objects. (JOW)

Two studies found infants' scores on the Range of State Cluster of the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale with Kansas Supplements to correlate significantly with visual discrimination performance at three months of age. The correlation with behavioral state organization contradicted the prediction that orientation scores would predict visual…

Studied the early development of inhibited approach through the observation of 48 infants. Subjects (aged 6.5, 10, and 13.5 months) were observed longitudinally as they reached for toys under high- and low-novelty/intensity conditions. Predictions that temperament would affect reaching behavior (with happy children reaching more quickly and…

Investigated the ability of children aged five, six, and seven years to categorize rhyming words. Children were better able to group words that shared rimes (speech units) than those with common syllable onsets. Results suggest that children who are not yet able to read are aware of single phonemes when they coincide with onset. (SAK)