This paper reports two studies which compared scores obtained on the Slosson Intelligence Test (SIT) and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) and investigated the hypothesis that the representational level of the stimulus items in the PPVT is inappropriate for preschool children regardless of socioeconomic background. In the first study, the…

The utilization of computers in the interpretation of electrocardiograms (EKG's) and vectorcardiograms is the subject of this report. A basic introduction into the operations of the electrocardiograms and vectorcardiograms is provided via an illustrated text. A historical development of the EKG starts with the 1950's with the first attempts to use…

Free recall of concrete and abstract words, following imaginal, associative, or anagram incidental learning tasks, was tested. Recall was significantly greater for concrete than abstract words, and recall for the imaginal task exceeded that of the associative task, which exceeded that of the anagram task. The interaction between kind of word and…

This paper reports two related experiments, the first investigating whether children 3-7 years old demonstrate Flavell's Level-2 perspective-taking in a cognitively simple task, and the second re-examining children's performance on a task comparable to the Piagetian 3-mountain perspective-taking task. The first experiment involved a task which…

The theoretical functions of external feedback in SR and closed loop models of verbal learning are presented. Contradictory predictions from the models are tested with a three by three factorial experiment including three types of feedback and three amounts of rehearsal. There were 90 adult students run individually and they were required to learn…

Studies of the infant's distribution of attention to stimuli of varying complexity, and of his differential attention to familiar versus novel stimuli (discrepancy), have attempted to shed light on the development of cognitive structures in the non-verbal infant. The subjects have typically been normal infants ages 4 to 6 months. For testing, the…

While a great deal of attention has been directed to the potential value of using symbol systems other than the traditional 26-letter alphabet in the early stages of reading instruction, little attention has been paid to the potential value of using rebuses. In a linguistic sense, rebuses are symbols which represent entire words or parts of words;…

The purpose of this research project was to evaluate the effects of prompts and cues in paired-associate learning. Experiment One was to investigate the effects of cues and prompting on the learning of Japanese vocabulary. Experiment Two duplicated the above using digit-nonsense syllable combinations as the paired associates. The next three…

This report examines the interrelations among several verbalization indexes on a sample of 27-month-old children and the relation of this data to vocalization scores obtained in the first year. Subjects, 67 girls and 75 boys, were firstborn Caucasian children observed at 4, 8, 13, and 27 months. Parent education varied from incomplete high school…

In this study, 48 third-grade children learned a successive, two-choice discrimination under one of three conditions: (1) immediate reinforcement (IM), (2) 10-second empty delay (ED), and (3) 10-second delay with the discriminative stimuli in view of S (FD). The performances of groups IM and FD were only marginally different, and were both…

The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) to determine whether alcoholics will show greater persistance in responding under punishment in a simple operant task as compared to nonalcoholics; and (2) with this task, under what conditions alcoholics will suppress their responses to the same extent as nonalcoholics. In the task, all subjects during…

Affect arousing and energizing properties of positive and negative reinforcing stimuli were investigated. Subjects received positive evaluations (PE), similar attitudes (SA), dissimilar attitudes (DA) or negative evaluations (NE) presented on slides. Pre- and post-slide semantic differentials were filled out by each subject. All subjects then…

This study investigated the effect of varying the time at which verbal directions are presented to students involved in a learning situation. Four randomly selected Biology 251 sections (309 students) were pretested on knowledge of symbiosis and found to be equivalent. The intact classes were then assigned at random to four treatments. Each class…

This study tests the hypothesis that labeling facilitates recall in nursery school children if and only if it leads to rehearsal. Subjects were 34 children ranging in age from 47 to 53 months. During pretraining, those children in the Label group named pictures of animals and fruits as they were presented, while those in the No Label group matched…

Previous studies of language have indicated that various qualifier words (e.g., I know that, probably) attached to statements represent differing degrees of belief in the statements. Nine qualifiers were studied which represent 3 degrees of probability and 3 forms of wording: "certainly, it is certain, I know, Probably, it is likely, I believe,…