This paper reports the results of a controlled field experiment in which voice communication was introduced into an existing online community (online gaming guilds within the popular game "World of Warcraft"), comparing a mix of voice and text with text only. Quantitative results suggest increases in liking and trust due to the addition of voice,…

Patterning is an essential skill in early mathematics learning, particularly in the development of spatial awareness, sequencing and ordering, comparison, and classification. This includes the ability to identify and describe attributes of objects and similarities and differences between them. Patterning is also integral to the development of…

Previous research has shown that both vocal and visual cues are utilized in stereotyping and that teachers' stereotypes of students' ethnic and social class backgrounds affect both their expectations and evaluations of them. This study offers evidence toward the following questions: (1) do teachers evaluate students differently according to mode…

This speech inventory developed for a study of aurally handicapped preschool children (see TM 001 129) provides information on intonation patterns in connected speech. The inventory consists of a list of phrases and simple sentences accompanied by pictorial clues. The test is individually administered by a teacher-examiner who presents the spoken…

Analyzes the research strategies, stimuli, subjects, statistical strategies, and relative variables in 34 empirical studies on children's representation of three-dimensional objects. The studies fell into three categories: children's representation of spatial relationships within an object, between two objects, and studies that included both. (MJP)

This study examined children's attention to formal features and other attributes during television viewing. Subjects were 40 children, ages 2, 5, 8 and 11 years old, who were videotaped watching television at home during a 10-day period. Among other attributes, children's visual attention to television was coded, along with television program…

The influences of the study of legibility on newspapers are outlined, and some of the consequences of applying science to the visual design of journalism are considered. The science of legibility began by measuring how letters were perceived, and comparing how different designs are read. The legacy of legibility research, which is traced over the…

Two experiments were conducted to determine the relative importance of style of movement versus physical appearance in person recognition. The first study investigated the capabilities of young children and adults to recognize target individuals' styles or manners of movement and to distinguish between people when their faces were not visible. A…

This symposium paper looks at three paradigms for naturalistic research on visuals: the positivistic, the interpretive, and the critical approaches. Discussion centers on questions of epistemology, such as "What do you mean?" and "How do you know?" The place of naturalistic inquiry within this discussion is indicated, and…

Problems in the experimental laboratory in scientific research are discussed and solutions are proposed for the problem of conflicts between the experimental model and reality. As a possible beginning for change, an apparatus is suggested to replace the tachistoscope. (SCC)

Male infant vocalizations were studied as a function of age. (JMB)

Investigated the hypothesis that children who sustain specific reading disabilities experience difficulty in abstracting and generalizing the invariant components of words containing redundant elements because of basic dysfunction in categorical processing. Subjects were 120 poor and normal readers from the fourth, fifth, and sixth grades.…

Examined whether a copy theory of memory that views memory as essentially a library of stored experiences, or a generative memory model that depends on constructive and integrative processes is more descriptive of the memory representation of children and adults. (Author/SDH)

This study investigated the hypothesis that there is a developmental trend toward greater flexibility of strategies in visual selection. Subjects were 48 second and sixth graders. (Author/SDH)