An anxiety desensitization method is presented which counters over-arousal through strenuous muscle stretch-tense, deep breath, release-relax and positive suggestion sequences; and uses positive adaptive images to replace negative cognitions and to promote confidence. The addition of the stretch-tense and positive images components are expected to…

The recent educational reform in Hong Kong has emphasized students' learning to learn. To facilitate the ability of learning to learn, students need to: trust their own capabilities; like academic work; be intrinsically motivated such that they are task and effort oriented; be ready to broaden their knowledge and skills by reading and exploring;…

This report documents the design, construction, and psychometric characteristics of the assessment instruments used in the spring 2004 data collection of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998?99 (ECLS-K). The ECLS-K is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics.The ECLS-K…

In contrast to the traditional top-down approach, a bottom-up approach is proposed by current reform in mathematics education. According to this alternative proposal, algorithmizing is the activity in which students should be involved. What can we do when we want to enact such an algorithmizing approach in a classroom and our students have already…

This book contains a collection of fraction lessons that support curriculum and instruction. The goals of the lessons are to give all students the chance to learn how to: (1) name fractional parts of wholes and sets; (2) represent fractional parts using the standard notation including proper fractions, improper fractions, and mixed numbers, and…

California State Standard 5.8 is delineated in the following way: "Students trace the colonization, immigration, and settlement patterns of the American people from 1789 to the mid-1800s, with emphasis on the role of economic incentives, effects of the physical and political geography, and transportation systems." Students answer six…

California State Standard 5.6 is delineated as: Students understand the course and consequences of the U.S. Revolutionary War. Students should be able to identify and map the major military battles, campaigns, and turning points of the Revolutionary War, the roles of U.S. and British leaders, Indian alliances on both sides, the contributions of…

This report describes a program for instructing students in the writing process in order to improve their overall writing skills. The targeted population consisted of fourth and fifth grade students in a growing upper middle class community, located in northern Illinois. The writing problems of the students were documented through data revealing…

This teacher's guide on the 50 state quarters produced by the United States Mint includes six lesson plans that fit easily into the social studies curriculum for grades 4-6. The lesson plans include reproducible student work pages that coincide with each lesson; state facts and information about the 2001 state quarter designs (New York, North…

In this companion to the "NASA SCI Files[TM]" episode "The Case of the Physical Fitness Challenge," the tree house detectives learn about anatomy, fitness and nutrition in preparation for the President's Challenge. The guide is divided into four segments aimed at grades 3-5, each of which includes an overview, a set of objectives, vocabulary to be…

In this companion to the "NASA SCI Files" episode "The Case of the Great Space Exploration," the tree house detectives learn about NASA's new vision for exploring space. In four segments aimed at grades 3-5, students learn about a variety of aspects of space exploration. Each segment of the guide includes an overview, a set of objectives,…

In this research work we explored the nature of 9-12 year old pupils' responses to probabilistic problems with tree diagrams. It was found that a large percentage of pupils failed to respond correctly even to very simple problems that demanded the identification of "possible routes/paths" in figures with tree diagrams/mazes. The results…

Two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of cognitive load management using vocabulary definitions in reading passages for readers of English as a second language (ESL) with different levels of expertise who were attending school in Hong Kong. Experiment 1 found that vocabulary definitions integrated within a passage (integrated…

This book addresses the teaching and learning of history in the elementary grades. The literature review in the first two chapters presents an overview of scholarship in the field and provides a context within which to interpret the research in subsequent chapters. The remainder of the book presents and discusses research on the teaching and…

This paper presents the ethical principles of the social studies profession in light of the daily routine of an elementary classroom. This pilot study was begun in the spring of 1996 when the researcher spent time in an elementary classroom in the midwest observing the life and culture of a fifth grade classroom. Data collected appeared to…