Examines reasons for sex-related differences among adults on horizontality and verticality concepts. Studies the effects on task performance of inadequate knowlege of relevant physical phenomena and pictorial examples. (Author/AS)

Examines interference in five-year-olds' learning sets by using intertrial and interproblem intervals. It was concluded that intertrial and interproblem intervals differentially affect learning set performance. (Author/CI)

Individual differences in visual recognition memory and intelligence were correlated using 52 five-year-olds whose IQs ranged from 40-136. The correlation between memory performance and IQ was .70 for whole sample, and .61 when children with IQs below 75 were omitted. Immediate recognition memory is highly associated with intelligence. (Author/RD)

Examines hemispheric differences in processing tachistoscopically presented faces in right-handed 8-, 11-, and 13-year-olds. Concludes that younger children and males at all ages use a diffuse right-hemisphere processing strategy in recognizing faces, whereas some older females use a more integrated right-hemispheric strategy. (Author/CB)

In an experiment with 14-year-old biology students, the presence of pictures enhanced pupils' scoring chances on a criterion-referenced, multiple choice recognition test. However, the pictures had little effect upon pupils' ability to comprehend the topic as measured by a cloze test. (GC)

Many people erroneously believe that an object carried by another moving object will, if dropped, fall in a straight vertical line. This belief may stem from a perceptual illusion in which objects dropped from a moving carrier are perceived as falling straight down or even backward. (Author/RD)

This study directly compared the effects of a picture selection response with a rotational one. Eighty preschool children were compared on the response modes. Half the children indicated perspective inferences by selecting from a set of photographs while the others rotated a replica. Children were tested on three nonegocentric perspectives.…

Infants 5-17 weeks of age were presented with foreign sounds which were contingent upon their nonnutritive sucking. Significant differences were found for experimental versus control (no sound change) subjects. It was found that adults achieved perfect accuracy with English contrasts but readily confused the foreign contrasts. (Author/SB)

Results indicate that subjects first observing apparatus operation by electromechanical means performed task better than those who had not, and that there is no significant difference between performance of subjects who had observed demonstration by electromechanical device and those who had observed a human model. Applicability of findings…

Visual preference technique was found to be a method for exploring the genesis of normal and abnormal selective attention, pattern discrimination, and recognition memory. The study of infants with differing degrees of risk for mental subnormality produced substantial evidence for relationship between early visual selectivities and future…

Explores the interrelationships of two measures, based on the Hutt Adaptation of the Bender Gestalt Test (HABGT), of psychopathology and of perceptual adience-abience with two different populations: hospitalized schizoprenics and out patient psychotherapy patients. Schizophrenics were found to be higher in severity of psychopathology and lower in…

Four experiments examined the possibility that the outcome of simultaneous and backward fear conditioning procedures might depend upon the number of conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus pairings. (Editor/RK)

Gaze at objects, another person, and background was measured for 15 days which constituted five different experimental groups in which task and situational factors were varied. Background stimuli had an unreliable effect on gaze. A simple object attracted a great deal of gaze and reduced gaze at the other person. (Author)

Preschool and third grade children matched the orientation of stimuli tachistoscopically presented at times individually set to achieve about 75 percent correct performance. Preschoolers showed no superiority on left versus right while third graders showed significant top and right superiorities. Results are compared with those for adults on the…

The mission of the Eisenhower National Clearinghouse (ENC) is to identify effective curriculum resources, create high-quality professional development materials, and disseminate useful information and products to improve K-12 mathematics and science teaching and learning. This issue of "ENC Focus" contains articles related to mathematics…