In varying degrees, depression affects an estimated 60,000,000 Americans at any given time and is the most common emotional symptom seen by psychiatrists. Edward J. Stainbrrok, professor and chairman of the Department of Human Behavior, University of Southern California, comments on the causes and treatment of depression. (Editor/RK)

Emerging paradigms in transpersonal psychotherapy are discussed in relation to values and attitudes of the therapist and the place of transpersonal experience in the growth process, which goes beyond self-actualization to self-transcendence. Transpersonal therapy is not identified with specific techniques, but three distinct stages of therapy are…

An account is given of the exceptional memory of the late Professor A. C. Aitken who was also a distinguished mathematician and mental calculator. Compared with Shereshevskii, another man with exceptional memory, he shows the scholar's reliance on conceptual mapping rather than the mnemonist's reliance on perceptual chaining. (Editor)

The existence of verification processes in recognition memory was confirmed in the context of Adams' (Adams & Bray, 1970) closed-loop theory. Subjects' recognition was tested following a learning session. The expectation was that data would reveal consistent internal relationships supporting the position that natural language mediation plays…

The strength of the tendency of children (aged 4 1/2 to 7 1/2 years) to give phenomenist reading of neutral questions about object properties was investigated. Phenomenist answers decreased with age, and social dominance and conversational context affected answers. (SKC)

Reviews test construction strategies used in the development of many current questionnaire measures of temperament and critiques these measures. Shows the selection of coefficient alpha as sole criterion for inferring unidimensionality to be insufficient, and suggests improvements for construction of temperament measures. (SKC)

Two experiments investigated children's tendencies to draw what they know rather than what they see. The first experiment looked at the way children, aged five to nine, and adults represent an object occluded by another object. Most subjects drew only what they could see. The second experiment investigated subjects' interpretation of pictures…

To determine degrees of impulsivity between emotionally disturbed/behavior disordered (ED/BD) students and their nonlabeled peers and to evaluate the developmental characteristics of impulsivity within both groups, 27 ED/BD and 27 nonlabeled students aged 9 to 13 took the Matching Familiar Figures Test. No significant differences between the…

Studied neonatal imitative responses in the first hour postpartum of 12 infants in rural Nepal. Found that the newborns were able to imitate pursed lips and widened lips, which suggests that imitative capacity is present at birth. (SKC)

Examined eight-month-olds' ability to remember the location of a hidden object, using a nonsearch task. Results suggested that the infants remembered the object's location, and were surprised when it had been moved. (SKC)

Explains how computerized game-simulation experiments were conducted to ascertain responses to the 1980 eruptions of Mt. St. Helens (Washington). Results indicate different aspects of individual preferences and family decisions with respect to relocation: (1) highly consistent in the game simulation; (2) responsive to the simulated threat; and (3)…

Reviews the recent attempts of Black psychologists and social scientists to formulate a conceptual-operational framework for the study of psychological phenomena as they bear on the cultural-survival conditions of Black-African people. Outlines issues and problems in the attempt to define African (Black) psychology and discusses its relation to…

A study designed to determine whether graduate students could be taught to use visual thinking for problem solving stressed two activities: (1) imagery for problem solving, and (2) active participation by students. Results indicate subjects given training in visual thinking were able to use it to solve verbal problems. (MBR)

This group of papers on Carol Gilligan's study of psychological theory, "In a Different Voice," includes: "Some Cautionary Words for Historians" (Linda K. Kerber); "How Different Is the 'Different Voice?'" (Catherine G. Greeno and Eleanor F. Maccoby); "A Methodological Critique" (Zella Luria); "The…

Studies of stereo vision guide research on how animals see and how computers might accomplish this human activity. Discusses a sequence of algorithms to first extract information from visual images and then to calculate the depths of objects in the three-dimensional world, concentrating on stereopsis (stereo vision). (JN)