Many recent studies have explored young children's ability to use information from physical representations of space to guide search within the real world. In one commonly used procedure, children are asked to find a hidden toy in a room after observing a smaller toy being hidden in the analogous location in a scale model of the room.…

Empirical data suggest that there is at most a very small sex difference in general mental ability, but men clearly perform better on visuospatial tasks while women clearly perform better on tests of verbal usage and perceptual speed. In this study, we integrated these overall findings with predictions based on the Verbal-Perceptual-Rotation (VPR)…

IQ scores provide the best general predictor of success in education, job training, and work. However, there are many ways in which IQ scores can be increased, for instance by means of retesting or participation in learning potential training programs. What is the nature of these score gains? Jensen [Jensen, A. R. (1998a). "The g factor: The…

In order to extend the multicultural horizons of neuropsychological assessment in the Chinese mainland, a battery of eight commonly used neurocognitive tests assessing motor speed, verbal and visual-spatial memory, language fluency, attention, and executive functioning were given to 224 Mandarin-speaking school children (107 boys and 117 girls)…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between time-related variables of the physical education lesson and skill concepts acquisition and retention. One hundred and four students aged 6.4 to 7.9 years, and their six physical educators participated. The motor behavior of thirty-six selected students was videotaped during a…

To examine the link between analytic and holistic modes of processing and the amount of domain knowledge, 2 category-learning studies were conducted with 5-year-old children. In the first study, 26 kindergarten children were classified according to their verbal knowledge about plants and their familiarity with flowers. They then performed a…

Investigated the influence of success and failure experiences and expectancies on selective memory for positive versus negative personality information about oneself. Subjects correctly remembered their personality liabilities relatively less than their assets when they expected to succeed than when they expected to fail. The effects of expectancy…

Studies of human information processing have identified two basic ways people process information. Sequential learning solves problems by arranging small amounts of information in consecutive and linear order. Simultaneous processors solve problems by integrating and synthesizing parallel pieces of information at the same time. This study…

Investigates the ability of the HSRS to identify prekindergarten or prefirst grade children who will be academically unsuccessful. Results, based on a five-year followup study, indicate the HSRS accurately predicted school failure 81 percent of the time. (Author/HMV)

Clarifies the difference between the Piagetian Conservation of Liquid Quantity task and the Conservation of Volume task and provides an alternative test for the presence of formal operational thought. (JR)

In a study of the effects of cannabis on cognitive functioning, several cognitive and psychomotor tests were administered to four groups of subjects. (Editor/RK)

The logical foundations of deduction and induction are outlined to form the rules for the construction of a set of tests of reasoning ability. Both deduction and induction involve the derivation of a conclusion from a set of premises. Deductive logic uses syllogisms and is abstract. Inductive logic is both empirical and abstract. Although…

A QUALITATIVE AND CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING WAS DETERMINED BY ADMINISTRATION OF THE STANDFORD-BINET INTELLIGENCE SCALE AND THE WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALE FOR CHILDREN TO A SAMPLE OF 65 NORMAL CHILDREN. EXAMINATIONS AND OBSERVATIONS WERE MADE FOR EACH CHILD DURING HIS INFANCY, PRESCHOOL, LATENCY, AND PREPUBERTY PERIODS. ANALYSIS…

Experiments were carried out to determine (1) the degree of agreement with which subjects identify paragraph boundaries in unindented prose passages, (2) if a significant proportion of cues to paragraph structure are formal in nature, (3) if the identification of paragraphs in different kinds of prose differentially depends on semantic (as…

The inventory is an individually administered procedure designed to assess the cognitive skills of preschool children enrolled in the Living Room School (LRS) program. It was developed to measure change in the cognitive behavior of the 2- to 5-year-old child as well as to diagnose his performance patterns in order to formulate an individualized…