The construct validity of the Hooper Visual Organization Test (VOT) (H. Hooper, 1983) was studied by comparing it to conceptually similar and dissimilar cognitive abilities in a principal components analysis of results from 240 participants with cognitive impairment. Results suggest that the VOT is best considered a measure of visual-spatial…

The overlap between personality and neurocognitive measures was examined in a sample of 182 adolescent psychiatric inpatients, half of whom were substance abusers. Both cognitive tests and observer-rated measures sensitive to impulsivity were specifically related to abuse of multiple substances, and aspects of inattention and depression were…

Concurrent validity testing of the Slosson Intelligence Test-Revised with the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (Fourth Edition), involving 191 individuals (ages 5-69 and IQs of 36 to 110), found a high correlation between the two scales. However, the Slosson unsatisfactorily matched the Stanford-Binet's assignment of individuals to IQ categories.…

A new analysis of data from 15 cognitive tasks completed by 93 subjects with scores on the Cattell Culture Fair test show that differences in Cattell score systematically affected performance on some tasks more than on others. Implications for theories of local and global differences in mental ability are discussed. (SLD)

Two studies investigated the effect of language input on theory of mind by comparing the performance of deaf native-signing children (ages 4 to 8) raised by deaf signing parents and deaf late-signing children raised by hearing parents on "thought picture" measures of theory of mind. Findings indicated that deaf late signers showed…

Fifty hearing-impaired elementary-school students completed the Kaufman-Assessment Battery for Children; scores correlated highly with scores from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised and with school achievement. The Simultaneous Processing Scale and the Nonverbal Scale seemed appropriate for hearing-impaired children while the…

Three experiments (sorting and theory-of-mind tasks) examined whether, for preschoolers, a particular form of reasoning applied to theory-of-mind and a set of problems requires understanding of mental states. Found that advances in theory of mind, card sorting, and causality depend on ability to switch judgments across conditions; reasoning by…

This study evaluated the Bielefeld Developmental Test for Blind Infants and Preschoolers by comparing cognitive performance of blind and sighted children (ages three and four). Results indicated that even this test (with "blind-neutral" items) did not permit a fair comparative assessment, though it did prove suitable for within-group…

The K-ABC is discussed in relation to the Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WISC-R) as a second measure of cognitive ability for children of various linguistic backgrounds who are conversational in English but have difficulty with written English. The K-ABC illustrated that the children had higher cognitive ability than was measured by the WISC-R; this…

Compares the Qualitative Scoring System and the Developmental Scoring Systems, both Bender-Gestalt tests, in predicting achievement on the Metropolitan Achievement Test (MAT). In this study, first through fourth graders (n=409) from regular elementary schools were subjected to both tests; both systems correlated significantly with school…

This commentary on a paper by Douglas Detterman and others (EC 604 995), on assessing basic cognitive abilities in young adults with and without mental retardation, argues that variables measuring correct responding and variables measuring response latency or speed are two aspects of the same underlying continuum of speed and efficiency of…

Two studies involving 448 sixth graders and 329 college undergraduates investigated the categorization of students' correct and incorrect responses to domain-specific analogy problems. Cross-study results provided support for the response categories proposed by P. Alexander (1990) and their hierarchical structure. (SLD)

A binary communication format and active interrogation were used to administer the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (Revised) to 25 individuals unable to make oral or fine-motor responses resulting from various physical and intellectual disabilities. Results correlated with those obtained using the standard form. Discussion focuses on use with…

Preschool children were administered a screening battery consisting of nine different cognitive tasks. The participants were tracked in the public school database. Based on the children's first-grade educational status, 2 groups were formed: one consisting of children who were in regular education and the other composed of children who were in the…

Human performance in cognitive testing and experimental psychology is expressed in terms of response speed and accuracy. Data analysis is often limited to either speed or accuracy, and/or to crude summary measures like mean response time (RT) or the percentage correct responses. This paper proposes the use of mixed regression for the psychometric…