The High School and Beyond study is a national large-scale longitudinal survey of a representative sample of approximately 58,000 high school students. Information was collected at various stages from 1980-1986, on over 1,500 variables including achievement in six different areas measured by a 126-item cognitive test. Previous analyses of the…

The literature on the measurement of working memory is discussed, with emphasis on the validity of such measurement with elementary school students. Approaches by J. Pascual-Leone, R. Case, A. D. Baddeley, and C. Hulme are considered. An experimental study is presented, in which 100 boys and 91 girls (aged from 6 years to 10 years 11 months) were…

This review of the relevant literature in the area of numerical facility attempts to clarify the construct of numerical facility and provide guidance for items tapping this ability. The review is presented in five parts. The first section introduces two approaches that can be used to investigate numerical facility, including factor analysis.…

Examines the definitions of intelligence and educability and discusses these terms in relation to the writings of Jensen and of Darlington. (PEB)

Few phenomena in psychology have been studied more than reaction time. However, while response latency now provides the basic data for research in many areas of cognitive psychology, little work has been done on the problem of incorporating response latency in the measurement of individual differences. A solution to this problem requires the…

Individual difference variables that are potentially related to cognitive mapping skills were examined, and good and poor cognitive mappers were compared in terms of those variables. Good and poor cognitive mappers were identified on the basis of the accuracy of their spatial knowledge about their own community. Four categories of individual…

This study examined how well adults can make inferences about children's cognitive abilities. Subjects (n=60) were four groups of adults: female parents, female nonparents, male parents, and male nonparents. They were shown the typical method of administering 13 Piagetian tasks, ranging from object permanence to the formal-operational pendulum…

In this study, six children were selected by age and were administered Piagetian tasks designed to measure their level of cognitive development against the hierarchical structuring of age/achievement posited by Jean Piaget. The task administrations are presented in detail with descriptions of the subject and the tasks, a verbatim report, and the…

For a group of 165 fourth- and fifth-grade students, four achievement test scores were correlated with success on nine tests designed to measure three cognitive functions: sustained attention, successive processing, and simultaneous processing. This experiment was designed in accordance with Luria's model of the three functional units of the…

This investigation addressed the following questions: (1) Can the ability to control variables be taught to high school biology students who, on a written test of logical operations, do not demonstrate formal reasoning; (2) Would students who are classified as early formal operational thinkers on the written test of logical operations be able to…

PROVIDED FROM THE SCIENCE CONCEPT LEARNING PROJECT ARE (1) A PRETEST ON EQUILIBRIUM, AND (2) A POST-TEST OF KNOWLEDGE, COMPREHENSION, AND APPLICATION OF CONCEPTS OF ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS. THE PRETEST (54 ITEMS) AND POST-TEST (60 ITEMS) ARE COMPOSED OF OBJECTIVE MULTIPLE-CHOICE ITEMS PREPARED FOR USE WITH JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS. TEST AND ITEM…

REPORTED IS AN INVESTIGATION OF CONCEPTS INCLUDED WITHIN A CONCEPTUAL SCHEME--THE BIOLOGICAL CELL--WHICH ARE MOST APPROPRIATE FOR STUDY BY CHILDREN IN GRADES 2-6. SUB-PROBLEMS WERE (1) TO DETERMINE THE RELATIVE LEVELS OF UNDERSTANDING AS INDICATED BY OBJECTIVE TEST SCORES, (2) TO DETERMINE WHETHER SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES EXIST BETWEEN PUPILS AT…

This paper reviews and summarizes selected findings concerning two hypotheses about perceptual abilities; field dependence-independence and the Carpenter Theory. The conclusion of the paper discusses the implications and applications of these research findings to the pedagogy for Asian American students. The review indicates that different ethnic…

This report evaluating the Kansas Reflection-Impulsivity Scale for Preschoolers (KRISP), developed as an easier task version of the Matching Familiar Figures Test for school-age children, presents an analysis of data on 1,408 children of widely varying backgrounds. Eighteen samples of children, ranging in age from 2 years and 5 months to 6 years…