Attainment of gender constancy is commonly asserted if gender is judged invariant despite superficial opposite-sex transformations, such as in hairstyle, clothing, or behavior. This notion suggests that the distinction between appearance and reality is crucial for gender constancy understanding. Four tasks requiring differentiation between…

Recently, a number of studies have reported a high correlation between the supposedly separate traits described as integrated science process skills and formal reasoning ability. The implication has been that these two constructs are different but related. Further implications have been made that a treatment to enhance one "trait" might…

The premise of this project was to reveal the differences in job-style requirements by using a technique called cognitive-style mapping, the thesis being that each job or occupation requires a person having a particular cognitive style system compatible with the job style or requirements. Cognitive style mapping is a technique used to assess an…

A study was conducted at Essex Community College (ECC) to test the validity of the Modified Kenny-Griffiths Test for Formal Operations, a paper-and-pencil instrument designed to determine the cognitive level of incoming adult students. The test sample consisted of 100 students (50 male and 50 female) who were equally divided between physical and…

Results are presented of a study examining the Test of Integrated Process Skills (TIPS) and the Tobin and Capie Test of Logical Thinking (TOLT). Each of the two tests was analyzed to provide five subtest and total test scores, which were then correlated to examine relationships between broad measures of process skill and logical thinking ability…

Results are reported of a study designed to: (1) investigate the range of types of reasoning exhibited by ninth- and tenth-grade science and mathematics students (N=69) within 2B and 3A stages as classified by three Inhelder tasks; (2) explore the feasibility of subdividing types of responses into bands within each stage; (3) provide descriptive…

Prior research with the Professional and Career Administrative Examination (PACE), a multiple abilities test battery for federal candidates, demonstrated practice effects (score gains) on alternate forms of the test parts within one administration of the battery. These effects were largest for those abilities including item types constructed…

The relationship between academic performance and cognitive tempo as measured by the Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFF) was investigated in 66 learning disabled children (ages 7 to 12 years). Results of a simple correlation analysis indicated the test to be a sensitive predictor of achievement; however, this relationship was substantially…

MANY STUDIES HAVE INDICATED THE PRESENCE OF A SLUMP OR INVERSION IN THE PROBLEM-SOLVING EFFICIENCY OF CHILDREN AT THE FOURTH GRADE LEVEL. IT HAS BEEN SUGGESTED THAT THIS MAY BE DUE TO THE INTERFERING EFFECT OF THE FORMATION OF COMPLEX HYPOTHESES BY THE CHILDREN. SINCE A TENDENCY TO RESPOND RAPIDLY WOULD PRESUMABLY INHIBIT THE FORMATION OF COMPLEX…

Statistical interactions between two instructional methods and five cognitive aptitudes were examined to determine whether the methods are most effective among different learners. Sixth grade students (n=275) were randomly assigned to eight periods of rule-example (ruleg) or example-rule (egrule) programmed instruction in critical thinking.…

The purpose of this study was to determine whether familiarity was a significant factor in increased cognitive synthesis scores and to conduct a comparison of the training methods employed on the basis of the test score patterns. Previous studies had revealed that symbolic representation was important, but they had not clarified the ways in which…

This report is part of a 4-year study of prekindergarten and kindergarten children designed to provide data predictive of children's school achievement. A total of 109 boys and girls were given the Complete Assessment Battery, Metropolitan Readiness Tests (MRT), and the California Short-Form Test of Mental Maturity at the end of kindergarten or in…

The next seven years will see important changes in the Washington Pre-college Testing Program for post-high school guidance. In the near future, the current cognitive emphasis of the program will be altered to include more attitudinal measures like a vocational interest inventory and an assessment of educational, employment, and life goals. In…

Speech specialists have developed a taxonomy of concepts and abilities related to verbal argument as used in ordinary discourse. This study represents one possible step in the validation of that taxonomy: an evaluation of the Wisconsin Tests of Testimony and Reasoning Assessment (WISTTRA) and the underlying abilities or dimensions measured by…

This booklet was designed to provide inservice teachers with a self-contained manual for use in writing and/or improving classroom achievement tests. Following a preface and an introduction, the contents are divided into four sections: Practicality, preface and an introduction, the contents are divided into four sections: Practicality,…