The academic achievement of students is shaped by a complex interplay of personal, familial, and environmental factors. This study makes a novel contribution to the educational and public health literature by systematically investigating how various forms and contextual dimensions of physical activity relate to students' academic achievement…

In "Leveled Reading, Leveled Lives," leading literacy expert Timothy Shanahan curates a lively tour of the history of reading instruction in the United States, arguing that the most popular reading instruction method is failing students and suppressing their literacy achievement. He breaks down the reasons why teachers and researchers…

Individual differences in working memory (WM) influence reading skills. We aim to identify how different domains of WM explain reading performance, and how this association changes with age and reading expertise. Hungarian children from first to sixth grade took part in our study. The decoding skills of all children were assessed with 1-min word…

This paper attempts to estimate the relationships between teachers' and parents' expectancies and students' achievement in mathematics and literacy as measured by matriculation exam scores and final marks in the 12th-grade. Furthermore, it was examined whether these links are mediated by students' self-expectancies and their mathematics and…

Archival data were analyzed with piecewise growth models to determine the seasonal growth of students not reading proficiently who did (treatment students = 144) and did not (control students = 1113) participate in their school district's summer reading program. The rising first- through fifth graders (48% female) were predominately White (74%)…

In school year 2023-2024, the Early Learning Coalition of Palm Beach County (ELC PBC) led the deployment of "My Reading Academy" across the School District of Palm Beach County (SDPBC), across all privately operated 256 voluntary pre-k (VPK) sites and the SDPBC (public and private schools). In school year 2023-2024, pre-kindergarten…

Improving reading outcomes for students with reading disabilities/difficulties (RD) has been commonly studied relative to 'what' a reading intervention entails. Here, we offer a broader perspective on 'when' we implement reading services to improve our interpretation of reading progress. We address several aspects related to timeframes (i.e.,…

Background: The Shared Knowledge Theory (Fitzgerald & Shanahan, 2000) posits that reading and writing share key knowledge domains, including word knowledge (e.g., vocabulary, decoding), universal text attributes (e.g., syntax), and procedural knowledge (e.g., text organization). This framework establishes a foundation for examining the…

Decades of research offer important understandings about the nature of comprehension and its development. Drawing on both classic and contemporary research, in this article, we identify some key understandings about reading comprehension processes and instruction, including these: Comprehension instruction should begin early, teaching word-reading…

Although there have been a substantial number of research studies focused on improving the field's understanding of the development of the ability to read, very few of these studies have accounted for the potential role that extensive engagement in the act of reading might play in the development of reading proficiency. There are several views on…

Genetic factors are known to play a role in shaping reading abilities and their underlying cognitive processes. However, understanding how genetic and environmental factors interact to influence reading outcomes remains largely unknown. By evaluating the interplay between genetic and environmental influences on reading performance, this study aims…

Various factors at the individual and school levels contribute to the impairment of academic achievement. We examined whether academic class composition, measured as average class achievement and class heterogeneity (variance in achievement within class), moderates the associations of inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity with academic…

Implementation fidelity is often thought of as a necessary condition to achieve internal validity and as having a relation to student outcomes. This relation is increasingly modeled; we reviewed reading intervention studies for students in pre-K-12 in which measures of implementation fidelity were included in final data analysis. A systematic…

The authors examine the effects of American Sign Language (ASL) on English reading achievement and English reading comprehension. A systematic review of relevant primary research and researchintegrated journal articles was conducted. Based on interpretations of a few salient articles and other sources (e.g., books) selected in a professional…

This study explored regular classroom teachers' perceptions of highly able readers and their actual practice of gifted education in the educational contexts of China and Scotland. This study is qualitative in nature and questionnaires and interviews were used to gather data in Chinese and Scottish public primary schools. The analysis indicated…