This paper draws together research on seasonality, child labour and education in the context of primary education in sub-Saharan Africa. It describes how income poverty and demand for labour can fluctuate within and between years, affecting participation and progression through school systems. It highlights how analysis of the private and public…

Despite increases in the representation of African American and Hispanic youth in advanced math courses in high school over the past two decades, recent national reports indicate that substantial inequality in achievement remains. These inequalities can temper one's optimism about the degree to which the United States has made real progress toward…

A latent growth model was used to investigate the longer term efficacy of phonics and integrated language arts instruction as well as amount of such instruction on children's reading development, using the nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study data set (kindergarten through fifth grade). Type and amount of instruction were…

Learning styles have a big contribution to the academic performance of a student. Awareness of one's learning styles will help a person maximize his potential in accumulating learning to the best of his ability with the use of his preferred learning styles. The teacher's awareness of the student's learning styles will help him/her select teaching…

In this paper, the authors propose one model for an institution-specific analysis which they then apply to the study of their home institution, Mount Holyoke College. The paper advances their understanding of the determinants of study abroad in two important ways. First, it shows that going beyond descriptive statistics and simple correlations and…

Advanced inhibitory control skills have been found in bilingual speakers as compared to monolingual controls ( Bialystok, 1999 ). We examined whether this effect is generalized to an unstudied language group (Spanish-English bilingual) and multiple measures of executive function by administering a battery of tasks to 50 kindergarten children drawn…

Participants included 106 infants and toddlers living in rural Paraguay and their primary caregiver. Children ranged in age from birth to 24 months and belonged to two distinct groups, including 46 children who had never participated in Pastoral del Nino, an early child development program, and 60 children who had participated in Pastoral for at…

Many public university systems rely on their own institutional research (IR) offices, in addition to the IR offices from their member institutions, to help conduct the work of the university system. In this chapter, the author illustrates the type of work conducted by system-level IR offices using a nontraditional data source that can be used to…

The pervasive income-related achievement gap among children has been partially explained by parental investments. Wealthier parents provide more cognitively enriched environments (e.g., books, informal learning opportunities such as music lessons) and converse more with their children relative to low-income parents. However parental investment…

Since 1960, the U.S. Department of Agriculture has provided estimates of expenditures on children from birth through age 17. This technical report presents the most recent estimates for husband-wife and single-parent families, using data from the 1990-92 Consumer Expenditure Survey, updated to 1997 dollars using the Consumer Price Index. Data and…

This paper presents high-cost illness data from the first public use data file released on the 1977 National Medical Care Expenditure Survey. Characteristics of families which incurred out-of-pocket expenditures for personal health services that exceeded 5, 10, and 20 percent of their income in 1977 are described including: (1) demographics; (2)…

This report documents information concerning the money income of persons 14 years and older in the United States during 1975. "Money income" is defined as income received before tax and other deductions. The report does not include sources of non-money income such as food stamps, health benefits, and subsidized housing. The questionnaire…

The purpose of this book is to estimate the effect of all U.S. taxes on the distribution of income by size of income and by other taxpayer characteristics. The book is concerned solely with the distribution of tax burdens, without any reference to the distribution of the governmental benefits that are supported by taxes. Based on an analysis of…

This document consists of two charts indicating the average educational levels and the average yearly family incomes of the populations served by the colleges and junior colleges in l3 areas of Mississippi. Information presented includes a listing of colleges and counties in each area, area population, average educational level, and average annual…

This paper discusses questions regarding standards used by the College Scholarship Service (CSS) to measure expected parental contributions to their children's college education. It deals with problems regarding establishment of low and moderate budget levels, family size, discretionary income, and alternative measurement procedures. After…