Infants have definite personality characteristics from birth onward. Despite wide variation in infant temperament styles, ranging from easy to difficult, responsive parents and non-parental caregivers can ensure positive emotional-social development. This paper, which reviews various theories and research on personality development in infants and…

This book was written for educators at all levels and individuals who are concerned about making schools safe, orderly places. It offers guidelines to promote and increase peace in the schools. The introductory chapter, "Moving toward a Peaceable School," endorses the national commitment to violence-free, peaceful, and productive…

This action research project implemented and evaluated a program for improving social skills in order to increase cooperative behavior among elementary school students. The targeted students were from a fourth- and a sixth-grade classroom in a middle-class suburban community. The lack of social skills development interfered with positive…

This paper discusses the integration of peace education into early childhood education through the arts and humanities curricula, considering several pedagogical developments which indicate a more favorable climate for this integration, including: (1) aesthetic literacy programs, including peace museums and the role of children's literature; (2)…

This book is about managing a responsive classroom and teaching children to care. The aim of every chapter and technique is the creation of self-controls and community, defined as the capacity to care about oneself, others, and the world. The 16 chapter topics are: (1) goals of self-control and community; (2) techniques of the first 6 weeks of…

This annotated bibliography includes 438 selected references to books, journal articles, essays within edited volumes, and dissertations that provide significant information about peaceful societies. Peaceful societies are groups that have developed harmonious social structures that allow them to get along with each other, and with outsiders,…

This study reviews the literature on the social and behavioral characteristics of only children in China. Of 16 studies that reported differences in the characteristics of only and non-only children, only 2 indicated that only children exhibited more socially desirable behaviors than did non-only children. The remaining studies reported that,…

The view that values play a crucial role in how principals conceptualise and interpret school leadership is not new. However, very little of the research underpinning this view has been conducted in developing countries. Drawing on qualitative case study research into how principals in Jamaica conceptualise school leadership, this paper explores…

A study investigated the effects of teacher nonverbal immediacy and strategy type on college students' likelihood of resisting teacher strategies for gaining compliance. Subjects were 629 undergraduate students randomly assigned to four separate conditions. They responded to four written scenarios that reflected the variables of teacher immediacy…

A Head Start education coordinator who supervised personnel associated with nine child care centers implemented a practicum intervention designed to provide a program of cognitive and affective learning experiences that would help teachers and parents nurture prosocial behaviors in preschool children. A total of 23 teachers and teacher aides, 222…

Literature on parent-toddler affiliative behavior which reflects the dynamic and reciprocal nature of parent-toddler interaction is reviewed in this paper, including an ecosystems perspective. Affiliative behaviors for parents and toddlers are defined with respect to the verbal and physical behaviors of both parent and toddler. Also, research…

Information provided in five major dimensions of the field of normal child development can be useful in increasing the understanding and effectiveness of those who work with preschool children with special needs. The especially relevant dimensions of the child development field are : (1) child development theories, including the theories of…

The purpose of this study was to determine if prosocial development could be positively influenced through a classroom intervention strategy using selected children's books and critical questioning techniques. In order to determine ability to share and to take different perspectives, 99 subjects from kindergarten and first grade classes were given…

The prosocial behavior of 52 preschool children was assessed using three different approaches: naturalistic observation, laboratory measures, and teacher ratings. During the naturalistic observation, an observer, either male or female, focused on one child at a time and recorded any examples of prosocial behavior demonstrated by the child as well…

The ability to empathize, or experience the emotions of another individual, has frequently been suggested as an important factor in the child's moral development and expression of prosocial behaviors. The present investigation sought to explore the relationship between the young child's empathy (as assessed by the Feshbach and Roe measure) and the…