The Communication Theory & Methodology Division of the proceedings contains the following 14 papers: "Interaction As a Unit of Analysis for Interactive Media Research: A Conceptualization" (Joo-Hyun Lee and Hairong Li); "Towards a Network Approach of Human Action: Theoretical Concepts and Empirical Observations in Media…

This book is an attempt to describe an ethic of excellence in schools and to share strategies for building and sustaining a school culture predicated on this ethic. It discusses a broad notion of excellence that includes excellence in academics, arts and creativity, and character. It recognizes that schools play a major role in shaping the values…

The Greater Pittsburgh Literacy Council (GPLC) conducts an urban, volunteer-based literacy tutoring program for adults that emphasizes goal setting. The council believes that students entering the literacy program should understand why they are there, what GPLC can do for them, and how they can apply themselves to get the maximum benefit from…

This packet contains three papers on gender identity; power and influence styles in program planning; and white male backlash from a symposium on human resource development (HRD). The first paper, "Identification of Power and Influence Styles in Program Planning Practice" (Baiyin Yang), explores the relationship between HRD practitioners…

This book reexamines the meaning of education, and attempts to weave several major themes into a new model for education. Part 1 discusses the interrelatedness of culture, values, and learning. Three types of learning are self-motivated learning; instruction; and most importantly, model building, which is creating a meaningful structure or…

This paper examines changes in American higher education, using the metaphor of ocean tides. The tides of change in the 1980s included public demands for assessment and accountability; fairness and credibility in advantages and benefits; improved quality of education; effectiveness and efficiency; assurance that college graduates were personally…

This paper, which is directed toward adult educators, presents a new approach to understanding the concept of marginalization, as well as a series of educational proposals regarding working with marginalized people that are drawn from transformative learning theory. First, marginalization is defined as being out of religious, legal, and…

Many parents know they need to talk with their children about making responsible choices but do not know where to begin. This book offers practical advice on how to begin and what to say to third to twelfth graders about drugs, sexuality, peer pressure, stress, health, the law, and mixed media messages. Each chapter focuses on a different aspect…

This is Volume 1 of the Report of the Commissioner of Education for the Year 1893-94, containing Part I. This volume includes the Commissioner of Education's Introduction and Part I, which contains the chapters: (1) Whole Number of Pupils and Students; (2) Consolidated Statistics of State and City Common School Systems; (3) Statistical Review of…

What constitutes literacy is not a single value-free standard but the product of the values of particular cultures at particular points in their histories. The history of literacy efforts in the United States and Canada is examined to discover their philosophical roots and ideological underpinnings. (IS)

Rural to urban migration has caused Mexican American families to deemphasize traditional cultural socialization practices oriented toward obedience and responsibility, and their children have become increasingly field-independent and competitive. However, an ecological intervention approach can reshape urban environments so that they support…

Describes the basic principles of the Personal Discovery Approach to motivating students (individuation, tasks, journey, imagery, dreams) and program modules (survival strategies, autobiographical work, "Express Yourself,""Experimental Listening," value clarification, "Group Time,""Human…

Issues related to sex education programs in public schools are addressed, focusing on public support, opposition by special groups (frequently religious groups), "crash" programs to reverse such trends as teenage pregnancy, requisites for effective family life programs, and values clarification in sex education programs. (SK)

Reviews some approaches to test bias and considers its fundamental causes. Suggests that because test validity is consistently high, the cultural bias of schooling is responsible. Proposes that because schooling reflects social values, resolution lies in social-political action, not psychological or psychometric advances. Discusses implications.…

Based on the theory that leadership skills receive too much attention and leadership goals and ideals too little, this article outlines the "10-P" model of leadership: prerequisites (leadership skills); perspectives, principles, platform, and politics (leadership antecedents); purposing, planning, persisting, and "peopling"…