A complete package for Markov model-based fixed trial learning experiments contains four FORTRAN 77 programs. Two of the programs deliver likelihood and parameter estimates of one- and two-stage learning models, and two may be used for hypothesis testing of parameter differences between and within experimental conditions. (Author/GDC)

The article describes three aspects of negative reinforcement as it relates to applied behavior analysis: behavior acquired or maintained through negative reinforcement, the treatment of negatively reinforced behavior, and negative reinforcement as therapy. Current research suggests the emergence of an applied technology on negative reinforcement.…

Uses an experience from a senior-level research design class to disprove textbook suggestions that the illusory movement of the autokinetic effect is susceptible to suggestion. Cautions instructors not to use these misleading textbook accounts simply because they are a "grabber." (Author/GEA)

Presents the use of a poster session as an integral part of an experimental design course. Describes how the principles of experimental design are demonstrated when undergraduates design and conduct original experiments, using radishes as subjects, and present their results in a poster session. Discusses the benefits of using radishes as subjects.…

The locally best invariant test statistic for testing sphericity of normal distributions is shown to be a simple function of the Box/Geisser - Greenhouse degrees of freedom correction factor in a repeated measures design. Tables of the critical values of the Box/Geiser - Greenhouse correction factor are given. (Author/BW)

Examines the schism of values between qualitative and quantitative social science researchers. Focuses on some practical methodological issues which face researchers wishing to adopt a qualitative-interpretive approach. (JDH)

Suggests that researchers of counseling effects adopt methods of assessing and representing clients' cognitive structures. A variety of methods are presented, some of which are illustrated in a brief case report. The advantages and limitations of the methods presented are discussed. (Author/JAC)

It is argued that outcome evaluation should include efforts to identify and measure unintended outcomes. A systems perspective is presented which treats governmental actions as disequilibrating intrusions into reacting systems. Both intended and unintended outcomes of such intrusions can be valued monetarily, in terms of human rights, or both.…

The main features of a multiple site, structured case study design are presented. The nature of explanatory patterns, how case study investigators pursue and recognize valid patterns, and how an analyst can apply the same logic to cross-site analysis are discussed. (Author/BW)

Using 11interacting parameters containing a wide range of variables, teacher education programs can be displayed in a matrix, which provides a device for ordering, summarizing, and synthesizing available literature and for generating new questions for research. Construction and uses of the matrix are illustrated. (MT)

An examination of the scientific basis of both control group designs and comparative designs in outcome research reveals that comparative designs generally have fewer threats to validity and provide a more efficient means of control for nonspecific treatment factors suggesting that comparative studies warrant a larger role in the study of…

Responding to the the McFaul and Cooper article on peer clinical supervision, the author points out that their negative findings could have resulted from inadequate research design. (MD)

Intended for use on Conversational Monitor System (CMS), the Tukey FORTRAN program facilitates pairwise comparisons among means following a significant Fratio in an analysis of variance. Tukey's statistic can be obtained by entering information regarding the design and analysis of variance results. Two variations are also available. (Author/BS)

Four research models used by schools to study writing across the curriculum are compared and discussed briefly, reasons for conducting such research are considered, and recommendations are provided for those interested in conducting similar research. The models cited were used in New Jersey, Toronto (Canada), and Perth (Australia). (PGD)

Examines problems and concerns of cross cultural counseling and psychotherapy. Raises specific questions concerning research designs and approaches, differences in cosmology, epistemology, differences in nosology, and problems of evaluation or testing. (JAC)