Issues in the application of multiple regression analysis as a data analytic tool are discussed at some length. Included are discussions on component regression, factor regression, ridge regression, and systems of equations. (JKS)

Brunswik's concept of representative design is reviewed with special reference to studies of clinical bias. Limitations of single-stimulus, actor-script, and serial replications are discussed. No satisfactory alternatives exist to adequate sampling of stimulus persons. Various attributes that are found in population must be properly represented in…

Methodological problems associated with treatment research on cigarette smoking are explored, and possible solutions are discussed. The main problems considered are the selection and retention of subjects, the measurement of smoking, the design of treatment studies, and the interpretation and generalizability of experimental results. (Author)

A previous study of psychopathology and ego development was replicated with design improvement. Contrary to the previous study, results suggested that ego development is not meaningfully predictive of type or severity of psychopathology. It is concluded that in terms of molar relations, ego development and psychopathology appear independent.…

Conceptual and methodological guidelines for voice therapy research are presented, and suggestions are offered for selecting experimental designs. Divergent terminology, philosophy, and issues of voice therapy are examined to serve as an overview and as a basis for research direction. (Author/DLS)

Proposes a research design for estimating for a given population the extent to which items with high context dependence (CD) measure a construct that is independent from that measured by items with low CD, shows how this design can be used empirically to compare the utility of alternate CD indices, and provides findings of two studies. (HOD)

Factors that influence the sample size necessary for longitudinal evaluations include the nature of the evaluation questions, nature of available comparison groups, consistency of the treatment in different sites, effect size, attrition rate, significance level for statistical tests, and statistical power. (Author/GDC)

When reporting results, researchers must not change predetermined significance levels. Such attempts to make results more significant are statistically inaccurate, illogical, and unethical. American Psychological Association standards for reporting significance should be more explicit. (CP)

The use of analysis of covariance is examined for attribute-by-treatment interaction research, where participants are randomly assigned to treatments but not to levels of the attribute factor. The authors argue for an increased usage of analysis of covariance. (Author/JKS)

Five methods of performing pairwise multiple comparisons in repeated measures designs were investigated. Consideration of both Type I and Type II error rates found in the simulated conditions for the five procedures suggests that a Bonferroni method utilizing a separate error term for each comparison should be employed. (Author/JKS)

Computation and interpretation of Bayesian full-rank multivariate analysis of variance and covariance is described and illustrated in an exposition intended for readers familiar with univariate analysis of variance and multiple regression. (Author)

A Monte Carlo technique was used to investigate the effect of the differences in covariate means among treatment groups on the significance level and the power of the F-test of the analysis of covariance. (Author/GDC)

Encourages the use of evaluation research rather than process, impact, or comprehensive evaluation; and notes that meaningful evaluation research can occur when the true experiment is combined with longitudinal designs. (JEG)

Flexibility in evaluative research design does not necessitate the abandonment of randomly constructed comparison groups. Three designs are reviewed which provide at least the option of randomization while maintaining great flexibility. The strengths and weaknesses of the designs are discussed. (Author)

While preserving the distinctive features of the case study, the case cluster method employs replicable sampling and, if desired, quantitative measurement procedures to complement qualitative analysis. It creates units of analysis that are based on theory and that have meaning for the actors and observers of the case. (Author/IRT)