Assuming that computers will be part of programs for young children, this paper initially describes skills children exhibit in play at computers, provides a scenario of a child's first encounter with a computer, and offers a rationale for including computers in young children's programs. Subsequent material describes the LOGO computer language,…

This paper discusses ways in which problem-solving in social situations differs from and is more difficult than problem-solving in other areas. Some of these ways are that social situations are constantly changing, communication is frequently unclear, and strong emotions are often aroused. Problems related to evaluation are discussed as an example…

Education is identified as one of the major goals of zoos. Research studies of the educational goals of different audiences associated with zoos and aquaria are reviewed in this report. These audiences include: (1) the zoo staff; (2) volunteers or docents; (3) general community members in formal programs; (4) students (elementary through graduate…

Student views concerning race relations and other contemporary issues were studied at the University of Maryland, College Park. Questionnaires were administered to 390 incoming freshmen, of whom 80 percent were White, 13 percent Black, 4 percent Asian, and 3 percent Hispanic. The first questionnaire was designed to elicit both attitudes and…

Designed to clarify the roles played by prizes as evaluative mechanisms in journalism, a study examined journalists' attitudes toward both internal (professional) and external (nonprofessional) reward systems and then examined the ability of both individual-level and organizational-level variables to predict these attitudes and prize-seeking…

Explores the black woman's potential for growth, the concept of effective interpersonal relationships, and self-enchancement through self-assertiveness: assertiveness achieves goals without violating the rights of others and without hurting other persons physically or emotionally. (Author/JM)

The suites investigated in this study consisted of three small rooms housing four students and opening onto double-load corridors. Potential for interaction with many students is offered, but the likelihood of roommate incompatibility is increased. Satisfaction with suites was increased when students choose their own roommates. (JP)

This paper defines a personality construct, the "others-concept," as "a person's general expectancies or perceptions about other people along a positive-negative continuum." This construct helps conceptualize how predictions and assumptions about possible social interactions are made when the amount of information concerning…

This document presents an overview of a survey conducted to determine the educational and social role of interschool sports in the secondary schools of Ontario, Canada. The study is based on the theory that the goal of most youth sports organizations is participation--to get as many children involved as possible. Conversely, professional-athletic…

This study clarifies the relationship between children's social desirability (CSD) response tendencies and their withdrawal from classroom achievement situations by investigating the effects of the child's expectations of peer response. Data gathered included scores on the Children's Social Desirability Scale, scores on an expectancy of response…

Aggression is examined in this paper in conjunction with other social motivational behaviors (e.g., Altruism, cooperation/competition). Its purpose is to illustrate the usefulness of an integrative approach to aggression research. Such an approach appears to be reasonable and potentially productive, since many of the same independent variables…

This study considers some aspects of "prisonization," or the process by which inmates adapt to confinement. Specifically, it further examines two ideas suggested by earlier studies. One is the belief that the structural characteristics of many prisons promote rather than inhibit assimilation into an inmate normative system that is opposed to the…

Seventy-nine members of several types of groups responded to questionnaires which detailed their goals and self-perceptions, and their expectations and perceptions of group leadership, norms, methods, and atmosphere. The questionnaires were administered near the beginning and again at the end (posttest N=69) of the group experience. The groups…

This essay provides an analytic development of a philosophy of rhetoric which focuses its concern on social reality. According to this philosophy, the activity of the human mind invents symbolic constructions of reality. Primary socialization is interpreted as a rhetorical process which tends to maintain prevailing reality constructions.…

Investigates the role of social factors and marital status in the use of expletives among married and single American women between the ages of 40 and 55. (AM)