Accurate placement into an initial college mathematics course is a key step toward the successful completion of college mathematics and, eventually, a college degree. Conversely, misplacement in mathematics may lead to a reduced likelihood of course completion and degree attainment. This study investigated the ability of two placement models to…

The Learning Disability Screening Questionnaire (LDSQ), a brief screening tool for intellectual disability, was originally validated against the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale, Third Edition (WAIS-III), which was superseded by the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) in the United Kingdom in 2010. This study examines the…

Background: It is now widely known that children with severe intellectual disability show a 'floor effect' on the Wechsler scales. This effect emerges because the practice of transforming raw scores into scaled scores eliminates any variability present in participants with low intellectual ability and because intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are…

Many statistical analyses benefit from the assumption that unconditional or conditional distributions are continuous and normal. More than 50 years ago in this journal, Lord and Cook chronicled departures from normality in educational tests, and Micerri similarly showed that the normality assumption is met rarely in educational and psychological…

Building on previous works by Lord and Ogasawara for dichotomous items, this article proposes an approach to derive the asymptotic standard errors of item response theory true score equating involving polytomous items, for equivalent and nonequivalent groups of examinees. This analytical approach could be used in place of empirical methods like…

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a new oculomotor serial reaction time (RT) task revealed statistical sequence learning in young children. Method: We used eye tracking to measure typically developing children's oculomotor RTs in response to cartoon-like creatures that appeared successively in quadrants of a monitor…

Purpose: The study examines the extent of convergence of semantic category members in Spanish-English bilingual children with reference to adults using a semantic fluency task. Method: Thirty-seven children with developmental language disorder (DLD), matched pairwise with 37 typically developing (TD) children in the age range of 7;0-9;11…

This paper focuses on the effect of merger on university efficiency. In a first stage analysis, efficiency scores of English universities are derived for a 17-year period using the frontier estimation method data envelopment analysis. A second stage analysis explores the effect of merger and other factors on efficiency. We find that mean…

Many students want to use cheat sheets, or crib notes, on exams. Whether or not those aids actually help them has not been carefully studied. This paper measures 16 students' notes by scoring the writing density as well as the number of definitions, examples, and mistakes. To consider the effectiveness of the notes, they are matched against exam…

We investigate whether Anchoring Vignettes (AV) improve intercultural comparability of non-cognitive student-directed factors (e.g., procrastination). So far, correlation analyses for anchored and non-anchored scores with a criterion have been used to demonstrate the effectiveness of AV in improving data quality. However, correlation analyses are…

Hand hygiene for children is crucial to keep them healthy. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of two educational initiatives on "handwashing effectiveness (HWE)." A randomized controlled trial was carried out during April/June 2016, and 96 primary school students were randomly assigned to Group I receiving education…

This study investigated the impact of meta-cognitive strategy instruction on the listening comprehension of level III student-teachers. Sixty-eight student participants were selected whose listening proficiency was at the average to below average level. The selected students were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The…

This study examined the performance of the First Year Inventory (FYI; version 2.0), a community-normed parent-reported screening instrument, in a high-risk (HR) sample of 12-month-olds with older siblings diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The FYI 2.0 was completed by parents of 86 HR infants and 35 low-risk control infants at age…

Despite profound influence of selection-by-ability on children's educational opportunities, empirical evidence for the validity of 11-plus tests is scarce. This study focused on secondary selection in Kent, the largest grammar school area in England. We analysed scores from the 'Kent Test' (the 11-plus test used in Kent), Cognitive Assessment…

Introduction: In John Holland's theory of vocational personalities and work environments, the hexagonal model organizes personal and occupational data, and serves to define the degree of consistency in a personality or job environment configuration, as well as the degree of congruence between a person and their environment. The objective of the…