The failure to appreciate the nature of adult development and its relationship to learning and teaching is in part theoretical and in part due to weak research methodology. New and more effective methodologies use a combination of cross-sections of groups and longitudinal studies. Consideration of adult learner self-concept is also vital. (MSE)

This chapter helps the general reader to understand the test equating issues associated with test disclosure. It also helps the testing practitioner to recognize situations in which equating is necessary, and to understand how to accomplish various kinds of equating. (Author/BW)

Shows how evaluation design and federal involvement in Youth Employment Demonstration Projects unintentionally cause a negative appraisal. Indicates the problem stems from interaction of the contract research corporation, the educational research establishment, and the federal bureaucracy, rather than a specific methodology or bureaucratic…

An introductory educational research course should be comprehensive so as to meet the needs of many students and be a self-contained unit. This course outline follows the sequence of activities involved in an actual research study. Some course topics are debatable because evaluation, research, and statistics overlap considerably. (CP)

The use of analysis of variance was examined under the assumption that the treatment had been randomly assigned to students, when in fact, the class had been the unit. Data support the idea that if one can randomly assign treatments to intact classes, consideration should certainly be given to doing so. (Author/GK)

Couples (N=26) completed a daily event and mood checklist about husbands for 14 consecutive days. The group-averaging strategy generally used to describe event-mood correlations was compared to a tabulation of significant individual correlations. Observed correlations were consistent with previous studies. (Author/RC)

Defines effective educational research in developing countries as that which influences educational aims. Descriptions of studies analyzing educational research effectiveness, recommendations for institutions doing educational research to increase their effectiveness, and recommendations for future effectiveness studies are included. (AM)

Discusses and explains experimental validity, including both internal and external validity, in terms that a classroom teacher can understand and use in his own research. (CK)

In this overview, the author discusses the need for art therapy research, problems it entails, and types of research approaches which may be used. Appended is a commentary by Janie Rhyne outlining the design of her own research. This article is part of a theme issue on art therapy. (SJL)

Presents a guide to the effective use of surveys and questionnaires by high school journalists. (RL)

Critiques written by J. Bruce Francis, Gerald Gurin, Arthur W. Chickering, and G. Lester Anderson of Astin's "Four Critical Years" are discussed. Points of agreement and contention between the reviewers concern the effects of college on students. (SF)

Is it ethical to select clients at random for a beneficial social service, then deny the benefits to a control group for the sake of science? Participation of control groups in planning, implementation and evaluation of social programs may resolve ethical issues. (Author/CP)

Longitudinal research demonstrates that: (1) initial consensual goals are formalized incrementally over time; (2) directions of these changes are influenced by constituencies participating in policy formation as well as broader social movements; and (3) evidence for longitudinal implementation studies needs to be garnered from a confluence of…

Details the kinds of data and data sources used in "A Study of Schooling," the limitations of these data, examples of research questions explored, and the intentions of the researchers during analysis and interpretation of the data. (Author/IRT)

A statistical test for analysis of repeated measures is presented. It is shown that an appropriate chi-square statistic can be computed for related measures by taking account of the covariance among trials in computing a variance for the chi square statistic. (Author/JKS)