A major aspect of the problem of evaluation concerns the measurement of educational outcomes. Such measurement involves, first of all, an inference regarding what is being learned, retained, or transferred. A description is given of the operations which underlie such inferences. It is contended that educational measurement needs to concern itself…

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the use of the general linear model (GLM) in problems with repeated measures on a dependent variable. Such problems include pretest-posttest designs, multitrial designs, and groups by trials designs. For each of these designs, a GLM analysis is demonstrated wherein full models are formed and restrictions…

This document presents the argument that it is time for the school counselor to accept the dual role of counselor-researcher. No longer does the practitioner-researcher have to rely on the difficult and time-consuming comparative group research design. Rather, he has available to him an intensive design or empirical case study approach to…

Research and evaluation are crucial elements of the curriculum development process. Educational research properly includes "basic- nonevaluative" and "applied-evaluative research." Each species should be judged relative to its purpose and the degree to which systematic investigation occurs through the application of the…

Reported is a discussion concerning the effect of different analyses of the same empirical data. Students (N=over 200) enrolled in an introductory college chemistry course for science majors were randomly assigned to two experimental treatments. Treatment O was designed to help students understand the objectives of the course and to emphasize the…

A review is presented of several types of two-battery studies and of methods for analyzing the resultant data. Two-battery studies are defined as those in which observations on two sets of variables are available for the same sample of subjects. Several types are identified and described, including: 1) prediction studies, 2) studies of domain…

This paper reviews 69 studies on microteaching, focusing on three main areas: a) the rationale behind its use, b) the conditions and degrees of possible goal attainment, and c) policy making in teacher education in relation to it. The first section of the paper presents an overview of microteaching, emphasizing the criteria used in analysis. The…

Data collected by testing every senior in 64 high schools affiliated with the Educational Research Council of America will be used as baseline data for science curriculum research and development. Students were randomly assigned one of the following tests: Iowa Tests of Educational Development--Test 2, General Background in the Natural Sciences;…

This study was designed to investigate the effect of situational variables on the persistence of 6-year-old children from varying socioeconomic and educational backgrounds. Subjects were 24 male and 24 female children selected randomly from each of four groups of first grade Negro children: one group of advantaged children who had attended…

In this paper the belief is stated that researchers need to develop some type of conceptual frame for improving continuity of studies and specificity of treatment. This paper describes such a conceptual frame and its implications for research. The paper states that the framework was designed to help researchers identify, classify, and/or quantify…

The evaluation methodologies used in the 1960s to evaluate various ESEA programs were shown to be inappropriate and inadequate for the evaluation of year-round educational programs. Due to their complexity and the various levels of decision-making, YRE programs require consideration of contemporary evaluation methodology. Due consideration is the…

This paper deals with two problems confronting the applied researcher using a behavior analysis approach. The first is concerned with the need for independence of behaviors, subjects and settings. The effectiveness with which the researcher can solve this type of problem depends on the researcher's emphasis on the examination of procedures, and…

The author critiques the research alternatives of the previous article. See SO 504 794. (DE)

The author responds to the critique of his research in the previous article. See SO 504 794 and 504 795. (DE)

Kirby and Das (EJ 182 444) dichotomized measures of individual differences and treated them as independent variables in an analysis of variance. Correlational analysis would have provided more powerful tests of their hypotheses. Interpretation of the dichotomized variables as independent, causal antecedents of their measures of intelligence would…