This paper examines local political activism in Columbus, Ohio, between 1900 and 1980. There are two major parts to the paper. First, through a content analysis of a local newspaper "The Columbus Dispatch" over the past 80 years, the salient issues and context within which neighborhood activism occurs are defined. Data were obtained from…

A traffic incident in April of 1975 developed into an unprecedented civil rights demonstration by Chinese residents in New York City's Chinatown in May of that year. This paper attempts to trace the factors which led to this large scale demonstration and analyze the development of decision making in this case. The demonstration was the result of…

Although the ultimate objectives of much campus protest are unclear, students generally want to be free of paternalistic university supervision. But they seem to want both academic shelter against the outside community and freedom from control by the university. We must examine the extent to which the university should treat its students as…

With survey data from college and noncollege youth and their parents collected in the spring of 1969 for CBS News by Daniel Yankelovich Inc., this investigation evaluates existing theories of the youthful protest involvement of the 1960s. The analysis shows that youthful alienation, critical perspectives on society, and rejection of traditional…

Universities have responded to disruptive disturbances and to the underlying student unrest in various ways. Internal disciplinary actions, the use of police or national guard, the use of court injunctions and criminal prosecutions have been used by various institutions at different times. The purpose of this report is to develop principles and…

This monograph is an update, revision, and extension of an earlier publication entitled: The Legal Aspects of Student Discipline in Higher Education (see ED 036 246). This report includes the new rulings that have been handed down since the publication of the earlier version, and some additional sections. Discussed in this report are: (1) the…

Whenever the issue of student participation in curriculum reform is raised, the opposition can be expected to express itself in two ways: (1) the rational argument which justifies faculty control in terms of rightness; and (2) entrenchment or keeping control away from the activists. There are costs and risks, as well as potential gains in greater…

Chapter 1 of this report on campus unrest examines the nature of the crisis: the kinds of institutions where violence is most likely to occur; the issues that gave rise to protest including generational conflict, the social "irrelevance" of youth, obsolete educational practices, the breakdown of authority, and social malaise; and institutional…

This topical paper summarizes the variety of responses made by individual junior college presidents to the demands (position papers) of black student activists. The first section of the report presents the presidents' attitudes, illustrated in part by their own statements. The second section presents a selected number of presidents' formal…

At the root of student unrest are two basic factors: (1) the "involuntary campus," and (2) the "manipulated society." Many students attend a university not because they want to, but because of parental pressure, to avoid the draft, to get the right job, or to satisfy the notion that in order to be really accomplished it is…

This study was undertaken to explore the potential role the Office of Education could play in helping urban universities respond more appropriately than they have in the past to urban problems. It was assumed that urban crises have created new imperatives for all urban universities and urban universities face pressures from both acknowledged and…

In a 1969 survey, it was noted that 3 out of 5 principals reported some form of active protest in their junior and senior high schools. Although rural schools were less likely to encounter student protest than were urban or suburban schools, 53% of all rural schools reported some kind of activism or protest. Causes for protest ranged from school…

In May 1968, President Johnson called upon the White House Fellows Association to develop a plan for bringing outstanding college students to Washington for a series of seminars with government leaders on key issues of the times. The resulting study revealed that communications channels between the federal government and students in the US were…

A group of university presidents and other administrative officials met in July, 1968 to discuss the problem of crime and disorder in the US. There was an expressed need for background information that would be helpful to officials at institutions of higher education who want to develop, reexamine, or redefine a code of student conduct. This…

Growing internal tensions within the San Francisco State College erupted into what may have been the most complex, many-faceted struggle of college upheavals in 1969. Underlying the College's campus disturbances are the rising aspirations of students for experientially-oriented college programs, the surge of minority efforts to gain wide access to…