The School Spending & Outcomes Snapshot allows users to view and print data visualizations to explore spending and outcomes data in order to foster thoughtful conversations to improve equity and outcomes in their schools communities.

Career-connected learning is an educational strategy that combines high-quality academic instruction, skill-based learning, and real-world experiences to prepare students with the knowledge and skills that they need to pursue their college and career goals. Career-connected learning can be delivered in a variety of ways, including in core content…

This brief explains why concerns over an impending "fiscal cliff" for public school districts as federal Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief funds near their expiration are misplaced. Due in part to federal pandemic aid, most state budgets are flush with cash, with record-high rainy-day funds, positioning them to absorb any…

This study investigated 3- to 11-year-old US children's (N = 348) perceptions of access to resources, social group preferences, and resource distribution decisions and reasoning when hypothetical peers differed in social class (poor or rich) and race (Black or White). Data were collected in 2019. The sample reflected the region where data were…

For more than two decades, California has been charging a 50 cent-per-pack tax on cigarette and other tobacco products and using the money to fund early childhood services under Proposition 10, California Children and Families First Act of 1998. In response to the legislative requirement of Result-Based Accountability (RBA), this report delineates…

Within special education, funding is traditionally input-based, providing equitable resources to meet perceived student needs. However, as state and federal governments place an increasing emphasis on academic outcomes, I examine how special education funding has responded. Applying the values in tension model, I address a fundamental problem in…

Teacher retention is an ongoing problem in education, especially in small private schools where resources are limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate educator perceptions of a new teacher induction and mentoring program to support first-year teachers and improve teacher effectiveness and the retention of new teachers. Cycle 1…

Community colleges play a key role in driving talent development in the United States, producing workers with the kinds of training that employers need while enhancing economic mobility for students. There has been a push among policymakers at the federal and state levels to hold community colleges accountable for the employment outcomes of their…

High schools provide schoolwide and classroom level literacy support across content area classes, especially to students who have been identified as struggling readers. These supports range from scaffolded assignments to push in support to reading intervention classes. The nature and goals of these supports is constrained and enabled by broader…

According to the theory of Effectively Maintained Inequality (EMI), economically advantaged individuals not only enter each level of education at higher rates than do their less advantaged peers, but also enjoy qualitative advantages at each level that position them more favorably to continue to the next level. Governments may play a role in…

With the development of big data technology, higher education is transitioning towards intelligence and ecology. University English teaching, constrained by traditional models, faces challenges such as unmet student needs, inefficient resource allocation, and insufficient teacher-student interaction. Big data, through data collection, real-time…

This study provides the first descriptive comparison of the characteristics of Pennsylvania school districts by degree of school funding adequacy gaps, as calculated by the Pennsylvania Department of Education in 2024 using the state's legislatively enacted methodology. The 499 school districts are combined in five groupings based on the size…

Robust partnerships between state chief academic officers (SAOs) and institutional chief academic officers (CAOs) align administrative procedures and foster a shared vision for student achievement that leverages the benefits of state and institutional coordination. This report outlines how four states--Louisiana, Kentucky, North Carolina, and…

The purpose of this problem-based learning project was to explore how superintendents make decisions regarding school facility resource deployment in order to inform the process of decision-making, leading to facilities leadership better aligned with best practices. Through interviews with 12 superintendents from school districts, comparable in…

Parallel to the expansion in numbers of Chinese students studying abroad, an increasing number of international degree holders are attracted to develop their careers in Chinese universities. This study examines the recruitment policies of a Double First-Class Initiative Institution and their impact on overseas graduates who become early-career…