A bootstrapping procedure was used to determine whether preverbal infants at 3- and 6-months sequenced (1) vocalizations, (2) gazes at their mothers' faces, and (3) facial expressions into pairs of coordinated patterns nonrandomly. Findings indicated that smiles and frowns were highly coordinated with vocalizations. Smiles were also coordinated…

A case study of the implementation of Scottish Vocational Qualifications in hospitality enterprises included 15 survey responses and 12 interviews. The competency-based approach seems to have enhanced career development, job performance, employability, motivation, and self-confidence. Job satisfaction, however, was more associated with the nature…

A practitioner providing experiential training programs in India reflects on models of training outcomes from the perspective of Indian philosophy about an individual's spiritual development. He suggests that development training programs serve their purpose if they can create moments of insight that might spark lasting change in participants. (SV)

Defines work built around a systems view of consumers and producers to characterize work as seen through different cultures as a mingling of enjoyment. Shows how emerging agricultural settlements and cities resulted in families assuming inherited work or labor specialties to be passed to the next generation. Discusses generational concepts of work…

Examines the working lives of geneticists and journalists to place into perspective what lies behind personal ethics and success. Defines "good work" as productive activity that is valued socially and loved by people engaged in it. Asserts that certain cultural values, social controls, and personal standards are necessary to maintain good work and…

The effect of transformative learning was studied in 197 British adults over 30 who received government fellowships aimed at individual and community change. Significant transformations involved self-validation, transformed relationships, increased educational motivation, career improvement, and better quality of life. Transitions were sustained…

This study measured changes in self-esteem, personal development, and sexual behavior over one academic year in 65 sexuality peer educators from 10 universities. Qualitative data described a positive, though non-statistically significant, increase in peer educators' self-esteem, personal development, and sexual behavior as major program outcomes.…

Investigated intra-individual development of ability to modify the size of a human figure drawing. Found through longitudinal data that children between ages 7 and 9 were able to reduce drawing size. Discovered that the larger the figure initially, the more complex the level of spatial axes system, and the more persons in the picture, the greater…

Examines Piaget's and Vygotsky's conception of the relation of the social to the individual, including individualism versus holism, Piaget's alternative of relationalism, and Vygotsky's views of the nature of the social. Suggests that Piaget's denial and Vygotsky's advocacy of explanatory emergence leads to the question of domain-general versus…

Examines the concepts of soul and spirituality and how they apply to the human resource development field in terms of values, beliefs, and motivators. Considers ways to nurture the soul of the field. (SK)

Organizations learn when they embed new practices and values and make real changes. Organizational learning must address group tendencies toward helplessness and conformity. Individuals still bear responsibility for monitoring what is learned. (SK)

Compares concepts defining Kohlbergian stages of moral development with those associated with orders of hierarchical complexity determined with a generalized content-independent stage-scoring system. Finds that Kohlberg's sequence generally matches that identified with the scoring system and that contract and authority concepts match the concepts…

Explores the educational process in which college sophomores enrolled in a reading and writing course are engaged. Defines this education as translation: a process of preservation, re-vision, and re-rendering of both texts and selves, prompted by particular course assignments, readings, and forums for interaction. Explores how the metaphor of…

Discusses five factors affecting college faculty members' sense of belonging-academic hierarchy, satisfaction with interpersonal relations, degree of autonomy, orientation to the institution, and opportunities for professional development. Recommends strategies in each category that help build community among instructors. (Contains 20 references.)…

Two case studies illustrate the differences between two perspectives on adventure activities and therapy: in "adventure therapy," adventure activities were a tool within a psychotherapeutic intervention with a disturbed delinquent, while in "therapeutic adventure," adventure activities offered opportunities for a group of…