Reviews childhood trauma/abuse experienced by Maya Angelou and discusses how Angelou survived and triumphed over these experiences. Relates Angelou's story to moral developmental theory for women proposed by Carol Gilligan, focusing on Gilligan's metaphor of having a "voice." (NB)

Presents results of survey and questionnaire research on how both single and married young people spend their leisure time in the Soviet Union. Finds that a number of traditional leisure pastimes are being crowded out by new technical and artistic activities. Expresses concern that student families have little leisure time largely because of…

Examined Bowlby's proposition that early experiences and the adaptations to which they give rise influence later development, even beyond the influence of current circumstances or very recent adaptation. Groups whose adaptation were similar during preschool years but consistently different earlier were defined and compared. Results supported…

Five experiments were used to determine whether and why second graders, fourth graders, and college students differ in modifying causal inferences about a surprising event in a story. Illustrated how encoding and retrieval factors contribute to inference modification. Results showed small developmental increases in inference modification in…

Proposes that the self is constituted in narrative and that development can be seen as the self's effort at rewriting its account of the world. (LB)

Three areas of emphasis distinguish service learning/experiential education from cooperative education: (1) the focus of the social and developmental agenda; (2) attention to those on the margins of society; and (3) a different approach to the mutual benefits reaped by participants. (SK)

Comments on an earlier paper by Lerner and von Eye on sociobiology and human development; general theory in science, especially evolutionary theory; adaptation and behavior plasticity; and modern behavior genetics. Examines assertion that "heritability says nothing about the extent to which a trait is commonly inherited." Discusses…

A study of 20 cooperative education students and 20 controls found that participation in cooperative work experience affects students' development of autonomy, sense of purpose (appropriate education plans and mature career and lifestyle plans), and mature interpersonal relationships. (SK)

Examined personal aspirations of 708 older adults. Found aspirations centered on self-preservation were associated with very old age, functional impairment, lower socioeconomic status and education, and being alone or institutionalized. Aspirations of self-development and interpersonal relationships were associated with younger age, physical…

Comparison of growth rates and menarcheal age for groups of boys and girls, ages 6 to 15, in Tokyo (Japan) found that children with mental retardation had a smaller growth spurt during puberty but did not differ in maturational rate defined by age at pubertal height spurt or age at menarche. (Author/DB)

Examines a hypothesis built on the theories of Piaget, Vygotsky, and Parten that children's play becomes increasingly intersubjective during preschool years. The results provide support for the hypothesis that social play of preschoolers becomes increasingly shared from 3-4.5 years of age. (Author/BB)

Peter Senge explains how his book, "The Fifth Disciple," will change minds about systems thinking, personal growth, and work. He talks about what led him to write the book and what it takes to become a learning organization. (JOW)

Multiple self-referent model provides comprehensive framework for understanding aspects of self-concept formation in African-American women and has implications for understanding career development issues for Black women. Uses excerpts from recorded interviews and autobiographical writings of four well-known African-American women to illustrate…

Reviews studies of the nature of human growth. Suggests that adults can find within themselves and within the educational community all the resources needed to facilitate their growing process. (DMM)

Outdoor education is financially and environmentally costly. Goals attributed to outdoor education such as recreational skills, experiential learning, and personal development are not unique to outdoor education. The distinctiveness of outdoor education is that it leaves the conventional setting behind. The only justifiable goal of outdoor…