The third volume of the introduction to psychology and leadership course (see the final reports which summarize the development project, EM 010 418, EM 010 419, and EM 010 484) concentrates on group dynamics and is divided into two separate documents. Like Volume One (EM 010 420), it is also a self-instructional, syndactic text with discussion…

Rather than being motivated to assist people, individuals usually approach a career as a consultant with aspirations of obtaining prestige or supplementing their income. Being a speech teacher, although helpful, is not qualification enough for a position as a consultant in the areas of management and organizational behavior. The types of…

This "position statement" concerns the relevance and utility of laboratory training techniques in facilitating group problem-solving participation. Neither the sensitivity nor T-group experiences should be assumed a priori to be applicable to problem-solving activity. The article compares the various group experiences on five major…

This paper examines the process of interpersonal communication across cultural boundaries, through a combination of the cross-cultural approach (from international communication research) and the interpersonal approach (from sociological research). The paper presents data on friendship patterns in a multi-cultural group. The experimenter observed…

This study investigates the assumption that the communication patterns between coaches and athletes are related to the manner in which athletes perceive the role of coach. The investigation focuses specifically upon the authority role of the coach. A modified semantic differential was used to assess the competence, potency, and supportiveness of…

The basic purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of using trained peers to lead small process groups in freshman orientation. The College and University Environment Scale (CUES) was the basic instrument used to determine whether perceptions of the college campus climate differed after an alternate freshman orientation program.…

Recent investigations of the effects on group output of competitive contingencies, reward deliveries to group members contingent upon achieving a higher or lower task rate than another group, have suggested that competitive contingencies are a positive function of group output. When rewards are contingent upon a higher comparison outcome, group…

This paper for educational administrators and researchers, and theorists begins with a discussion of the role of intellectual paradigms in the development of science, and outlines some of the general social science paradigms that have been dominant in organization theory. A classification scheme is constructed, based on Udy's organizational…

This paper is concerned with the impact of the Individually Guided Education/Secondary Project (IGE/S) in a middle school. Participation observation is used to understand how the intervention process is incorporated into everyday patterns and norms of the school. No individualization of instruction occurred. The findings suggest that basic…

A review of the literature on cooperative, competitive, and independent reward structures and performance is presented, and conclusions are drawn which reformulate current beliefs about the interaction between reward structure and task structure. A brief theory of reward structure and performance is described, and conditions under which…

Because of fast changes in educational theory and methodology, behaviorally threatening atmosphere, changes in student responses and attitudes, administrative expectations, and general tensions, most teachers need more support relationships than ever before. Tensions in many schools are high and daily frustrations exist. Teachers are concerned…

This manual is intended primarily for use by small groups that must accomplish tasks within specified periods of time. Chapters, directed toward groups in business, industry, education, religious organizations, politics, government, or virtually any situation where a cooperative effort is required, discuss the following areas: group work as…

Reported is a study to describe how 12 groups of parents of handicapped children in Oregon engage in political democracy; and to identify some of the organizational, strategical, and attitudinal factors which maintain and sustain the participatory process. In an introductory chapter on the purpose and scope of the study, it is noted that data is…

Examines the impact of sensitivity training on participants' self-actualization in the United Kingdom, Turkey, and Japan. The results suggest that as the economic and social conditions change and create a cultural environment more favorable to self-actualizing tendencies, individuals will respond more positively to educational innovations such as…