A study examined the relationship between older adults' motivations to participate in outdoor adventure experiences and their retirement status. Surveys of 782 adults over 55 years old participating in 72 outdoor adventure programs found that although there were several significant differences in motivation based on retirement status, the overall…

The separation-individuation process of individuals is mediated by cultural factors of the society to which the individuals belong. Since the Chinese culture emphasizes collectivism rather than the individualism of Western culture, it is believed that there are differences in the separation-individuation process of individuals between the two…

In two articles on outdoor programming models, Watters distinguished four models on a continuum ranging from the common adventure model, with minimal organizational structure and leadership control, to the guide service model, in which leaders are autocratic and trips are highly structured. Club programs and instructional programs were in between,…

This booklet contains a synopsis of eight action research projects undertaken by educators from various Utah public schools presented at a series of workshops. Twenty-seven educators representing 19 schools, 9 school districts, and the Utah State Office of Education (USOE) attended the series of 4 full-day workshops held during October, February,…

This curriculum guide for postsecondary student development was created in response to needs expressed by business and other organizations throughout the Southwest Florida School-to-Careers Consortium. The guide encompasses four curriculum categories: academic achievement, career development, personal and social development, and community…

The economics of the decision to go to college or obtain technical training is discussed in this booklet. To stay competitive in the job market requires constant educational updating. The following questions are discussed: (1) how income inequality is measured; (2) how income is distributed in the United States; (3) why income inequality is…

Much has been written on the self during the latter half of the twentieth century, a period when citizens of the free world have embraced self-esteem and the pursuit of self-interest as fundamental entitlements. This widespread interest in the self has produced a large amount of information and misinformation. This book aims to summarize the…

Development of self-conscious emotions such as embarrassment are thought to depend on the emergence of a sense of self as distinct from other. This longitudinal and cross-sectional study sought to replicate the association between a self-referential visual self-recognition task and embarrassment, and to extend the understanding of the…

A study examined the learning and character development effects of the outdoor wilderness experience. The research consisted of a retrospective study in which surveys were completed by 429 participants in outdoor programs sponsored by the Student Conservation Association, the National Outdoor Leadership School, and Outward Bound; and a…

Many youth-serving organizations are engaging young people in youth organizing and/or in interventions to support specific identity development in response to a need for meaningful opportunities for older and diverse youth to be civically involved in their communities. This paper explores differences in developmental outcomes and supports and…

The author believes that there is a distinct need for professionals to become competent in providing materials for self-help lay efforts. Colleges and universities must provide for the facilitation of personal growth through self administered procedures by either a clinical approach (in counseling centers) or a didactic one (in classes as, for…

To assist faculty members in relating more openly and personally with students the Oshkosh Counseling Center (University of Winconsin) provided a program for faculty volunteers. Faculty and student reactions supported the authors' contention that counselors can successfully provide inservice training in human relations and affective education.…

Discussed the child's view of his environment through synaesthesia, referring to the interassociation of the different senses. (Author/RK)

Author considered the threat of schools and government as a possible replacement for the family in the life of the child. (RK)

Author tells how quality instruction can be achieved by cooperative closed circuit television. (Editor)