Researchers have repeatedly found that within modern higher education systems, students from wealthier backgrounds tend to be concentrated in the most advantageous sectors. Dubbed "effectively maintained inequality," this process allows these groups to maintain a competitive advantage in the labor market by virtue of acquiring more elite…

Despite a large earnings premium for bachelor's degree completion in general, graduates from low-income families earn substantially less than graduates from high-income families. While prior research has documented the role of college quality and major choice in explaining these gaps, we examine undermatching on a different margin: the first…

Intensive services are recommended for young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Limited research on service receipt in states with mandated ASD-specific service coverage suggests that it remains low, and factors associated with intensity are unclear. Participants were 206 children from the Boston Outcomes of Autism in Toddlers study…

Among the 50 states, 44 use free and reduced-price lunch enrollment to identify low-income students. These data are also commonly used to allocate federal, state, and local funding to schools serving low-income children. School and district poverty rates, as determined by free and reduced-price lunch enrollment, additionally feature prominently in…

I investigate the role of parents' investment and child's self-efforts made during adolescence on the intergenerational persistence of economic status. First, empirical evidence suggests that the college-tier a student graduates from significantly affects lifetime income. As seats for prestigious colleges are limited, households compete against…

Background: Delinquent behaviours among youth harms health and social trajectories, and public health broadly. Despite evidence that engaging in and being victimized by delinquent behaviours often cluster, most studies have examined the clustering of delinquent behaviours or victimization experiences independently. Information on patterns of…

Recent decades have brought significant worldwide expansion of private supplementary tutoring. Demand is especially driven by social competition, which has intensified in the context of globalization. The main suppliers of tutoring are serving teachers, commercial enterprises, and informal providers such as university students. Private tutoring…

Despite growing interest in placental epigenetics, the combined impact of prenatal stress and socioeconomic status on placental methylation is still largely understudied. We conducted a study to examine the associations of prenatal stress and socioeconomic factors (household income, Hollingshead socioeconomic index) with placental methylation.…

Prices for, and the affordability of childcare has received increased attention since the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, concerns have been raised about potential differences in childcare costs and access between rural and urban communities. To address these issues, we combine cross-sectional data from a 2018 survey of childcare…

Paying for college is often a family affair, with both parents and students contributing. We study the effects of college on family finances using administrative data on the universe of federal aid applicants in California linked to credit records. We provide the first comprehensive analysis of how both students and their parents use debt with…

Children from lower socio-economic status families, at times, experience particular difficulties when entering school. These children may be equipped with different skill sets not recognized at school. Many countries, including Singapore, are increasingly concerned about the quality of early education. Paramount to quality is also the inclusion…

With higher education costs consistently outpacing inflation and public funding declining, college affordability has become a critical barrier to economic mobility for middle- and low-income families. While College Savings Accounts (CSAs), or 529 plans, offer tax-advantaged vehicles for college savings, their adoption patterns and educational…

Although social justice orientation is key to fostering inclusiveness in countries with long histories of immigration, few studies have empirically investigated its impact on attitudes toward immigrants in South Korea (hereafter Korea), an emerging multicultural society. This study examined the relationship between Korean students' social justice…

The present research examines the relationship between parenting style and the development of prosocial behaviour of preschool children in China and how this relationship is moderated by family income, an everchanging factor caused by rapid economic development in modern China. A total of 188 parents of preschool children responded to the…

The purpose of this article is to examine if educational homogamy patterns are associated intergenerationally, the extent to which today's couples are homogamous, and how this translates into levels of family income and financial and overall well-being. To examine these relationships, 28 years of longitudinal data from the British Columbia…